{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T22:04:50Z","timestamp":1773871490216,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G.R.P 354-39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G.R.P 354-39"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) is known for serious health problems. Testing new inexpensive natural products such as mango kernel (<jats:italic>Mangifera indica<\/jats:italic> L., Anacardiaceae) may provide alternative and economically viable anti\u2010MRSA drugs. In the current study, we screened clinical isolates from Aseer Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia, during 2012\u20132017 for MRSA and tested an ethanolic extract of mango kernel for anti\u2010MRSA activity. Brief confirmation of MRSA was performed by the Vitek 2 system, while antibiotic sensitivity of strains was tested for their clinical relevance. The <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> disc diffusion method was used to test the anti\u2010MRSA activity of the ethanolic mango kernel extract. The antimicrobial activity of mango kernel was compared to that of standard drugs (oxacillin and vancomycin). Of the identified 132 <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> strains, 42 (31.8%) were found to be MRSA and their prevalence showed a clear increase during the last two years (2016\u20102017; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). MRSA strains showed 100% sensitivity to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, tetracycline, daptomycin, tigecycline, and tobramycin and 100% resistance to ampicillin and 98% to penicillin. The ethanolic extracts of mango kernel were found active against both <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and the MRSA strains. Inhibitory activities (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SE) were achieved at concentrations of 50\u2009mg\/mL (20.77\u2009\u00b1\u20090.61), 5\u2009mg\/mL (16.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.34), and 0.5\u2009mg\/mL (8.39\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33) exceeding that of vancomycin (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0162). MRSA strains were sensitive to mango kernel extracts when compared to vancomycin. Therefore, ethanolic extracts of mango kernel can be escalated to animal model studies as a promising leading anti\u2010MRSA drug candidate and can be an economic alternative to high\u2010priced synthetic antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4150678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T23:33:33Z","timestamp":1582155213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Clinical Relevance and Antimicrobial Profiling of Methicillin\u2010Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> (MRSA) on Routine Antibiotics and Ethanol Extract of Mango Kernel (<i>Mangifera indica<\/i> L.)"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0974-7226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Al Bshabshe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin R. 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