{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T21:45:53Z","timestamp":1782855953340,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":117,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003510","name":"Estonian Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Whether the inferior ability of atenolol to reduce central (aortic) compared to peripheral (brachial) blood pressure (BP) is related to its heart rate (HR)\u2010dependent or \u2010independent effects, or their combination, remains unclear. To provide further mechanistic insight into this topic, we studied the acute effects of atenolol versus nebivolol and ivabradine on systolic blood pressure amplification (SBPA; peripheral systolic BP minus central systolic BP) in a model of sick sinus syndrome patients with a permanent dual\u2010chamber cardiac pacemaker in a nonrandomized single\u2010blind single\u2010group clinical trial.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We determined hemodynamic indices noninvasively (Sphygmocor XCEL) before and at least 3\u2009h after administration of oral atenolol 50 or 100\u2009mg, nebivolol 5\u2009mg, or ivabradine 5 or 7.5\u2009mg during atrial pacing at a low (40\u2009bpm), middle (60\u2009bpm), and high (90\u2009bpm) HR level in 25 participants (mean age 65.5 years, 12 men).\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . At the low HR level, i.e., when the drugs could exert their HR\u2010dependent and HR\u2010independent effects on central BP, only atenolol produced a significant decrease in SBPA (mean change 0.74\u2009\u00b1\u20091.58\u2009mmHg (95% CI, 0.09\u20131.40;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.028)), indicating inferior central vs peripheral systolic BP change. However, we observed no significant change in SBPA with atenolol at the middle and high HR levels, i.e., when HR\u2010dependent mechanisms had been eliminated by pacing.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The findings of our trial with a mechanistic approach to the topic imply that the inferior ability of atenolol to reduce central vs peripheral BP can be explained by the combination of its heart rate\u2010dependent and \u2010independent effects. This trial is registered with\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03245996\">NCT03245996<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4259187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T19:34:06Z","timestamp":1588016046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Atenolol\u2019s Inferior Ability to Reduce Central vs Peripheral Blood Pressure Can Be Explained by the Combination of Its Heart Rate\u2010Dependent and Heart Rate\u2010Independent Effects"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Tuuli","family":"Tee\u00e4\u00e4r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Serg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaido","family":"Paapstel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mare","family":"V\u00e4hi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaak","family":"Kals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Cockcroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihkel","family":"Zilmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaan","family":"Eha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1320-6967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priit","family":"Kampus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hyp.0000000000000075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Hypertension: clinical management of primary hypertension in adults (update) Clinical Guideline 127 2011 http:\/\/guidance.nice.org.uk\/CG127."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hjh.0000000000001940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.595496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hps003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2087064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.115.06467"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.110.155507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.115.06091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-018-0051-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03577.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hjh.0000000000000978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.610"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1976.tb00620.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00445.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.1999.03039.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000160211.56103.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.111.182337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2007.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157489009787260016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.09.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","first-page":"1100","article-title":"The acute and chronic effects of ivabradine on the parameters of central aortic pressure in patients with stable coronary artery disease","volume":"36","author":"Lopatin Y. 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