{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T02:13:17Z","timestamp":1775787197012,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589155200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>) is a common and universally distributed bacterial infection. However, in children, active gastritis and ulcer are rarely seen. <jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>. The aims of this study were to establish the prevalence of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and to compare the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings between infected and noninfected pediatric patients at Makassed General Hospital. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Patients aged between 1 month and 17 years who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from January 2011 to January 2017 were included. The diagnosis of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> was confirmed by a CLO test and\/or its presence on biopsy specimens. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, endoscopic and histopathological findings, and gastritis score were recorded retrospectively. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. During the study period, 651 children underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The main indication was abdominal pain (61%). The prevalence of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was 16.5%. The infection was most commonly seen among children aged between 6 and 10 years (43%). A large number of family members were associated with increased risk of infection (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn>4.8<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.5<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> versus <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mn>5.2<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.8<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Epigastric pain was more associated with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> (61.3% versus 14.6% in noninfected patients; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Nodular gastritis was commonly seen in infected patients (41.5% vs. 7.9%; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Mild and moderate gastritis was seen more in infected versus noninfected patients (mild: 53.8% vs. 14%; moderate: 27.4% vs. 2.4%, respectively). <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Although epigastric pain was associated with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>, other diagnoses should be considered since the infection are rarely symptomatic in children. Antral nodularity was associated with <jats:italic>H. pylori infection<\/jats:italic>; however, its absence does not preclude the diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4648167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T23:47:31Z","timestamp":1589240851000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> Infection: Clinical, Endoscopic, and Histological Findings in Lebanese Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"AL Kirdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rajab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4531-3532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"N.","family":"El-Rifai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(83)92719-8"},{"key":"2","first-page":"73","volume":"22","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gatsroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.31-2-85"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199707000-00012"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.27000"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0941"},{"issue":"1","key":"7","first-page":"1","volume":"54","year":"2008","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001594"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199610000-00001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10","first-page":"138","volume":"55","year":"2007","journal-title":"Le Journal M\u00e9dical Libanais"},{"issue":"3","key":"11","first-page":"129","volume":"5","year":"1999","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.004"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2009.00689.x"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2005.10.012"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9210-5"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0107"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-1091-y"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2010.00814.x"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i21.2674"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03578.x"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.10.5.866-869.2003"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2016.19.2.96"},{"issue":"3","key":"23","first-page":"195","volume":"19","year":"2005","journal-title":"MJIRI"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.111043"},{"issue":"11","key":"25","first-page":"789","volume":"90","year":"2012","journal-title":"La Tunisie M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062850"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2007.48.2.240"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.11.006"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijpedi\/2020\/4648167.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijpedi\/2020\/4648167.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijpedi\/2020\/4648167.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T23:47:34Z","timestamp":1589240854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijpedi\/2020\/4648167\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["4648167","4648167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/4648167","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9740","1687-9759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9740","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]}}}