{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T09:33:30Z","timestamp":1744191210277,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592956800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51874238","CX202038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51874238","CX202038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002663","name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51874238","CX202038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51874238","CX202038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we research synthesis scheme for secure wireless communication in multibeam directional modulation (MBDM) system, which consists of multiple legitimate users (LUs) receiving their own individual confidential messages, respectively, and multiple eavesdroppers (Eves) intercepting confidential messages. We propose a new type of array antennas, termed frequency diverse arrays (FDA), to enhance security of confidential messages. Leveraging FDA technology and artificial noise (AN) technology, we aim to address the PHY security problem for MBDM by jointly optimizing the frequency offsets, the precoding matrix and the AN projection matrix. In the first stage, with known locations of Eves, precoding matrix is designed to minimize Eve\u2019s receiving power of confidential message (Min-ERP), while satisfying power requirement of LUs. And then artificial-noise projection matrix (ANPM) is calculated to enhance AN impact on Eves without influencing LUs. Furthermore, we research a more practical scenario, where locations of Eves are unknown. Unlike the scenario of the known locations of Eves, precoding matrix is designed to maximize AN transmit power (Max-ATP), while satisfying each LU\u2019s requirement received power of confidential message. In the second stage, we analyze and further optimize secrecy capacity. The problem is solved by optimizing frequency offsets through modified artificial bee colony (M-ABC) algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a secure transmission in MBDM system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4715929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T23:31:19Z","timestamp":1593041479000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Artificial-Noise-Aided Energy-Efficient Secure Multibeam Wireless Communication Schemes Based on Frequency Diverse Array"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6244-4155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianbang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2016.2600521"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-017-3949-1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2009.2027047"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2010.2044357"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2014.0331"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2016.2550022"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5815678"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2013.2260515"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2018.2867085"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2703647"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2765500"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.2018.2872360"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2014.2368977"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2015.0658"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2016.2627183"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2018.2824231"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2013.6404099"},{"issue":"4","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2819519","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2018.2815779"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2799640"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2013.2287001"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2017.2653182"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2018.2869529"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2900942"},{"year":"1987","key":"25"}],"container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2020\/4715929.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2020\/4715929.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2020\/4715929.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T23:31:21Z","timestamp":1593041481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2020\/4715929\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["4715929","4715929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/4715929","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1530-8669"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1530-8677"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]}}}