{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T19:27:35Z","timestamp":1770146855745,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589587200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002958","name":"Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic> T2DM may cause increased levels of oxidative stress and cardiac apoptosis through elevated blood glucose. The present study investigated the effects of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>plantarum<\/jats:italic>) as a probiotic strain and inulin as a prebiotic supplement on cardiac oxidative stress and apoptotic markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes. The rats were divided into six groups which were supplemented with <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>plantarum<\/jats:italic>, inulin, or their combination for 8 weeks. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The results showed improved activity of cardiac antioxidant parameters including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, respectively) and decreased level of cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). These changes were accompanied with increased protein expression of cardiac obesity receptor (Ob-R) (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and reduced apoptotic markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>), Fas ligand (FasL), and caspase proteins (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.003<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, respectively) in T2DM rats after concurrent <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>plantarum<\/jats:italic> and inulin supplementation. Moreover, a remarkable correlation of cardiac Ob-R and oxidative stress parameters with cardiac apoptotic markers was observed (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The concurrent use of <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>plantarum<\/jats:italic> and inulin seems to be beneficial, as they can lead to decreased heart complications of T2DM via reducing cardiac apoptotic markers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4745389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T23:31:20Z","timestamp":1589671880000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["<i>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/i> And Inulin: Therapeutic Agents to Enhance Cardiac Ob Receptor Expression and Suppress Cardiac Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2475-9073","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Safa","family":"Sefidgari-Abrasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 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