{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:23:07Z","timestamp":1765610587602,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588809600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Critical Care Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the haemodynamic adverse effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. 2769 patients were screened during the 30-month study period. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and norepinephrine requirements were assessed 3-hourly during the first 12 hours of the continuous drug infusion. Results are given as median (interquartile range) or numbers (percentages). <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Patients receiving clonidine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009193) were younger (66 (57\u201373) vs 70 (63\u201377) years, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.003<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and had a lower SAPS II (35 (27\u201348) vs 41 (31\u201354), <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.008<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) compared with patients receiving dexmedetomidine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009141). At the start of the drug infusion, HR (90 (75\u2013100) vs 90 (80\u2013105) bpm, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.028<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), MAP (70 (65\u201380) vs 70 (65\u201375) mmHg, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.093<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), and norepinephrine (0.05 (0.00\u20130.11) vs 0.12 (0.03\u20130.19)\u2009mcg\/kg\/min, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) were recorded in patients with clonidine and dexmedetomidine. Bradycardia (HR\u2009&lt;\u200960\u2009bpm) developed in 7.8% with clonidine and 5.7% with dexmedetomidine (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.51<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Between baseline and 12 hours, norepinephrine remained stable in the clonidine group (0.00 (\u22120.04\u20130.02)\u2009mcg\/kg\/min) and decreased in the dexmedetomidine group (\u22120.03 (\u22120.10\u20130.02)\u2009mcg\/kg\/min, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.007<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Dexmedetomidine and the low-cost drug clonidine can both be used safely in selected patients after cardiac surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4750615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T23:31:45Z","timestamp":1588894305000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiovascular Safety of Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine in Critically Ill Patients after Cardiac Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Angelina","family":"Grest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anaesthesiology, University Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Kurmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anaesthesiology, University Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, 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