{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:47:55Z","timestamp":1792064875793,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004847","name":"Zahedan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anesthesiology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction and Objective<\/jats:italic>. Laryngoscopy and intubation are accompanied by sympathetic responses. These transient responses appear as an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. In patients with cardiovascular problems, the hemodynamic changes may lead to life-threatening risks, such as heart ischemia, acute heart failure, and cerebrovascular events. <jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. This clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients, aged 30\u201370 years, who had heart surgery. The participants were categorized into three groups. Group D received 1\u2009<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>g\/kg intravenous dexmedetomidine in 10 minutes, group L received 1.5\u2009mg\/kg lidocaine (1%) 90 seconds before intubation, and group F received 2\u2009<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>g\/kg fentanyl. The vital signs (HR, SBP, DBP, and MAP) were measured before intubation and 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 10th minutes after intubation. Data were analyzed with SPSS 19 software (chi-square, one-way ANOVA, or Kruskal\u2013Wallis). <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The age (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.389<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and gender distributions of patients were similar in all three groups. Dexmedetomidine significantly attenuated HR in the 3<jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup> (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), 5<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and 10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.003<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) minutes after intervention. It also reduced the systolic blood pressure in the 5<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.024<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and 10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.006<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) minutes. This reduction was significantly higher in the dexmedetomidine group than that in the two other groups. In addition, dexmedetomidine caused a greater reduction in MAP in the 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.048<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), 5<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and 10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) minutes. <jats:italic>Discussion<\/jats:italic>. All three medications were effective in controlling HR; however, dexmedetomidine caused bradycardia in the 3<jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup>, 5<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>, and 10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> minutes. Lidocaine resulted in an increase in MAP in the 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> minute after intubation; whereas, dexmedetomidine reduced MAP at the 5<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> and 10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> minutes after intubation. Changes in blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the fentanyl group was lower than the two other groups. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. As a result, dexmedetomidine was not suitable for hemodynamic control and led to hypotension and bradycardia; on the other hand, fentanyl was more effective than two other medications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This trial is registered with <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/IRCT2017013132320N1\">IRCT2017013132320N1<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4814037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T23:37:38Z","timestamp":1593646658000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparison of Dexmedetomidine, Lidocaine, and Fentanyl in Attenuation Hemodynamic Response of Laryngoscopy and Intubation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7371-6590","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maziar","family":"Mahjoubifard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fellowship of Cardiac Anesthesia, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fellowship of Cardiac Anesthesia, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Dahmardeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fellowship of Cardiac Anesthesia, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Bashir","family":"Mirtajani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteriology Research Center (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2705-4055","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alireza","family":"Jahangirifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","year":"2015"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2018.7353"},{"issue":"1","key":"3","first-page":"9","volume":"1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annals of International Medical and Dental 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