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The concept of a nitric oxide cycle has been expanded to include the NO-synthase and NO-synthase-independent component of its synthesis and the accompanying redox cascades in varying degrees of reversible reactions. The role of non-NO-synthase cycle components has been shown. Detailed characteristics of substrates for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in the human body, which can be nitrogen oxides, nitrite and nitrate anions, and organic nitrates, as well as nitrates and nitrites of food products, are given. The importance of the human microbiota in the nitric oxide cycle has been shown. The role of significant components of nitrite and nitrate reductase systems in the nitric oxide cycle and the mechanisms of their activation and deactivation (participation of enzymes, cofactors, homeostatic indicators, etc.) under various conditions have been determined. Consideration of these factors allows for a detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathological conditions of the respiratory system and the targeting of therapeutic agents. The complexity of the NO cycle with multidirectional cascades could be best understood using dynamic modeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4859260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T21:05:16Z","timestamp":1603141516000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The State of the Nitric Oxide Cycle in Respiratory Tract Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6453-0017","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Soodaeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute under FMBA of Russia, Orekhovyy Bul\u2019var 28, Moscow 115682, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8593-1098","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Igor","family":"Klimanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute under FMBA of Russia, Orekhovyy Bul\u2019var 28, Moscow 115682, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5582-5814","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nailya","family":"Kubysheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan 420000, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nataliia","family":"Popova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute under FMBA of Russia, Orekhovyy Bul\u2019var 28, Moscow 115682, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0241-7902","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ildar","family":"Batyrshin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (CIC-IPN), Av. 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