{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:19:17Z","timestamp":1787066357197,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a frequent opportunistic infection in patients with the acquired immunode\ufb01ciency syndrome. While the advent of ART reduces the occurrence of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV patients, cryptococcal disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world especially in sub-Saharan Africa which is the epicenter of HIV. This study aimed to assess the cryptococcal antigenemia, CD4+ Th cell counts, HIV RNA viral load, and clinical presentations among HIV-positive patients in Northwest Ethiopia.\n                    <jats:italic>Method<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A total of two hundred (200) HIV-positive patients were recruited for this study. Cryptococcus antigenemia prevalence in plasma samples of HIV\u2010positive patients was determined by using Antigen lateral \ufb02ow assay (CrAg\u2010LFA) also, and CD4+ Th cell counts and HIV\u2010RNA levels were quantified from blood specimen. Patients\u2019 demographic data, clinical manifestation, and concurrent opportunistic infection were recorded.\n                    <jats:italic>Result<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The sex distributions of study participants were 105(52.5%) male and 94(47.5%) female with an age range of 15\u201365 (mean 39.42\u2009\u00b1\u20099) years. All patients had a CD4+ T-cell count &lt;100\u2009cells\/\n                    <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    l with the median 54\u2009cells\/\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    l and median HIV-RNA viral load 2.16\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    RNA copies\/ml (50\u20133.66\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    RNA copies\/ml); the prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia was found to be 4% in HIV-positive patients. More than half and two third of CrAg\u2010positive patients had a CD4 count &lt;25\u2009cells\/\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    l and HIV viral load &gt;10,000 copies\/ml, respectively, as well; Tuberculosis, Candidiasis, and herpes zoster are the most often observed concurrent infections while cryptococcal antigenemia is significantly associated with oral candidiasis (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ).\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Although the advent of ART, early diagnosis of cryptococcosis, and application of antifungal interventions, HIV-induced cryptococcal antigenemia positivity in HIV infected individuals is still the countries\u2019 big challenge. Thus, stringent follow-up and case management should be considered.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5017120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T19:32:15Z","timestamp":1599507135000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Opportunistic Cryptococcal Antigenemia in the HAART Era at HIV Epidemic Settings of Northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3685-2830","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markos","family":"Negash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadelo","family":"Wondmagegn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health 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