{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T19:31:35Z","timestamp":1778182295415,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background and Objectives<\/jats:italic>. Malaria infection, caused by <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>, is the most lethal and frequently culminates in severe clinical complications. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) has been implicated in several diseases including malaria. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of IL-22 gene polymorphisms in <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection. <jats:italic>Material and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs976748, rs1179246, rs2046068, rs1182844, rs2227508, rs2227513, rs2227478, rs2227481, rs2227491, and rs2227483, of <jats:italic>IL-22<\/jats:italic> gene were genotyped through PCR-based assays of 250 <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic>-infected patients and 200 healthy controls. In addition, a luciferase reporter assay was done to assess the role of the rs2227513 SNP in <jats:italic>IL<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>22<\/jats:italic> gene promoter activity. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. We found that the rs2227481 TT genotype (odds ratio 0.254, confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.097-0.663, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.002<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and the T allele is associated with protection against <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria as well as the rs2227483 AT genotype (odds ratio 0.375, confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.187-0.754, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.004<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The haplotype A-T-T of rs1179246, rs1182844, and rs976748 was statistically more frequent in the control group (frequency 41%, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.034<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) as well as the haplotype A-G of rs2046068 and rs2227491 (frequency 49.4%, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.041<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The variant rs2227513 G allele had a statistically higher activity (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) with the luciferase reporter assay. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The study suggests that IL-22 polymorphisms in rs2227481 and rs2227483 could contribute to protection against <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria. Also, the G allele of rs2227513, located in the promoter region of <jats:italic>IL<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>22<\/jats:italic> gene, could be essential for higher expression levels of IL-22 cytokine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5193723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T18:34:14Z","timestamp":1582137254000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Interleukin-22 Polymorphisms in <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>-Infected Malaria Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Nada H.","family":"Aljarba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mashael R.","family":"Al-Anazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed I.","family":"Shafeai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sabya General Hospital, Sabya, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuad H.","family":"Rudiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sabya General Hospital, Sabya, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad M.","family":"Bin Dajem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Alothaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2291-1254","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Majid","family":"Darraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Alkahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7261-8975","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jahad","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed N.","family":"Al-Ahdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4584-5739","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Al-Qahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi 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