{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:09:16Z","timestamp":1777529356737,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Rijeka","award":["uniri-tehnic-18-275-1447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uniri-tehnic-18-275-1447"]}]},{"name":"University of Rijeka","award":["KK.01.2.2.03.0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.2.2.03.0004"]}]},{"name":"University of Rijeka","award":["KK.01.1.1.01.0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.1.1.01.0009"]}]},{"name":"project CEKOM","award":["uniri-tehnic-18-275-1447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uniri-tehnic-18-275-1447"]}]},{"name":"project CEKOM","award":["KK.01.2.2.03.0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.2.2.03.0004"]}]},{"name":"project CEKOM","award":["KK.01.1.1.01.0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.1.1.01.0009"]}]},{"name":"CEEPUS network CIII-HR-0108, European Regional Development Fund","award":["uniri-tehnic-18-275-1447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uniri-tehnic-18-275-1447"]}]},{"name":"CEEPUS network CIII-HR-0108, European Regional Development Fund","award":["KK.01.2.2.03.0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.2.2.03.0004"]}]},{"name":"CEEPUS network CIII-HR-0108, European Regional Development Fund","award":["KK.01.1.1.01.0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.1.1.01.0009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"abstract":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease that has captured the attention of the worldwide public. Modeling of such diseases can be extremely important in the prediction of their impact. While classic, statistical, modeling can provide satisfactory models, it can also fail to comprehend the intricacies contained within the data. In this paper, authors use a publicly available dataset, containing information on infected, recovered, and deceased patients in 406 locations over 51 days (22nd January 2020 to 12th March 2020). This dataset, intended to be a time-series dataset, is transformed into a regression dataset and used in training a multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN). The aim of training is to achieve a worldwide model of the maximal number of patients across all locations in each time unit. Hyperparameters of the MLP are varied using a grid search algorithm, with a total of 5376 hyperparameter combinations. Using those combinations, a total of 48384 ANNs are trained (16128 for each patient group\u2014deceased, recovered, and infected), and each model is evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R<\/mml:mi>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Cross-validation is performed using K-fold algorithm with 5-folds. Best models achieved consists of 4 hidden layers with 4 neurons in each of those layers, and use a ReLU activation function, with R<\/mml:mi>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> scores of 0.98599 for confirmed, 0.99429 for deceased, and 0.97941 for recovered patient models. When cross-validation is performed, these scores drop to 0.94 for confirmed, 0.781 for recovered, and 0.986 for deceased patient models, showing high robustness of the deceased patient model, good robustness for confirmed, and low robustness for recovered patient model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5714714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]],"date-time":"2020-05-30T00:12:20Z","timestamp":1590797540000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Modeling the Spread of COVID-19 Infection Using a Multilayer Perceptron"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Zlatan","family":"Car","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3015-1024","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandi","family":"Baressi \u0160egota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"An\u0111eli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Lorencin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vedran","family":"Mrzljak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa021"},{"key":"3","year":"2020"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3537085"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13383"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0688-y"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.01.009"},{"key":"12","year":"2010"},{"key":"13","year":"2013"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idh.2018.10.002"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2012.01056.x"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2019.101746"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9781\/ijimai.2020.02.002"},{"key":"22","year":"2016"},{"key":"23","year":"2006"},{"key":"25","year":"1999"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12224352"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-009-9153-8"},{"key":"28","first-page":"2825","volume":"12","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"32","first-page":"281","volume":"13","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/78.3.691"},{"key":"34","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2020\/5714714.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2020\/5714714.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2020\/5714714.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]],"date-time":"2020-05-30T00:12:26Z","timestamp":1590797546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2020\/5714714\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["5714714","5714714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/5714714","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-670X","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-6718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]}}}