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SD impairs the cellular clearance of misfolded neurotoxin proteins like <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010synuclein, amyloid\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, and tau which are involved in major neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease. In addition, SD is also shown to affect the glymphatic system, a glial\u2010dependent metabolic waste clearance pathway, causing accumulation of misfolded faulty proteins in synaptic compartments resulting in cognitive decline. Also, SD affects the immunological and redox system resulting in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Hence, it is important to understand the molecular and biochemical alterations that are the causative factors leading to these pathophysiological effects on the neuronal system. This review is an attempt in this direction. 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