{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T03:11:58Z","timestamp":1778814718346,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["267234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["267234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present experimental results of fluctuation-enhanced gas sensing by low-cost resistive sensors made of a mixture of graphene flakes and TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanoparticles. Both components are photocatalytic and activated by UV light. Two UV LEDs of different wavelengths (362 and 394\u2009nm) were applied to modulate the gas sensing of the layers. Resistance noise was recorded at low frequencies, between 8\u2009Hz and 10\u2009kHz. The sensors\u2019 response was observed in an ambient atmosphere of synthetic air and toxic NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at selected concentrations (5, 10, and 15\u2009ppm). We observed that flicker noise changed its frequency dependence at different UV light wavelengths, thereby providing additional information about the ambient atmosphere. The power spectral density changed by a few times as a result of UV light irradiation. The sensors were operated at 60 and 120\u00b0C, and the effect of UV light on gas sensing was most apparent at low operating temperature. We conclude that UV light activates the gas-sensing layer and improves gas detection at low concentrations of NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. This result is desirable for the detection of the components of gas mixtures, and the modulated sensor can replace an array of independent resistive sensors which would consume much more energy for heating. We also suggest that a more advanced technology for preparing the gas-sensing layer, by use of spin coating, will produce corresponding layers with thickness of about a few <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m, which is about ten times less than that for the tested samples. The effects induced by the applied UV light, having a penetration depth of only a few <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m, would then be amplified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5890402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T23:31:51Z","timestamp":1594251111000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["UV Light-Modulated Fluctuation-Enhanced Gas Sensing by Layers of Graphene Flakes\/TiO<sub>2<\/sub> Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1459-4199","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janusz","family":"Smulko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Gda\u0144sk 80-233, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Chludzi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Gda\u0144sk 80-233, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umut","family":"\u00c7indemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, The \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claes G.","family":"Granqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, The \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2004.10.006"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pssb.200776183"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201201871"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(00)00586-4"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mms-2015-0039"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.05.032"},{"key":"8","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Advanced operating methods","year":"2020"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2013.2251627"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl3001293"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113638"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2013.144"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp807989b"},{"issue":"3","key":"16","first-page":"457","volume":"16","year":"2009","journal-title":"Metrology and Measurement Systems"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.07.056"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.06.063"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2018.08.023"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2002.800688"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s100100361"},{"issue":"5","key":"22","first-page":"3311","volume":"91","year":"2018","journal-title":"Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5042061"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.06.025"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5110334"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2020\/5890402.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2020\/5890402.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2020\/5890402.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T23:31:55Z","timestamp":1594251115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2020\/5890402\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["5890402","5890402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/5890402","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-725X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]}}}