{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:38:53Z","timestamp":1780591133407,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":301,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002222","name":"The World Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-409 RG\/BIO\/AF\/AC-IFR3240297758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-409 RG\/BIO\/AF\/AC-IFR3240297758"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002222","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> is a major foodborne pathogen and commensal of the skin and mucous membranes of animals and humans. Its virulence relies on the production of a variety of toxins resistant to denaturing conditions. Increasing reports of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> food poisoning and contamination of foods of animal origin elsewhere necessitates the investigation of these foods in Cameroon, to implement safety measures. This cross\u2010sectional study evaluated <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> contamination in milk and beef in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon, where cow milk is usually not pasteurized before consumption, and beef is the main source of protein. The distribution of antibiotic\u2010resistant isolates and those with enterotoxin\u2010producing potential was also investigated to provide data of public health and food safety benefit. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> was isolated from 39 raw milk and 250 beef samples by standard methods. Confirmation of isolates was by PCR to detect the <jats:italic>nuc<\/jats:italic> gene. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> was investigated for classical staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes (<jats:italic>sea<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>seb<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sec<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sed<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>see<\/jats:italic>) by PCR. Their susceptibility to 9 antibiotics was tested by the disk diffusion method. The chi\u2010square test was used to compare the contamination of samples, antibiotic resistance, and the distribution of SE genes. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> was isolated from 11.1% of samples. Contamination was higher in milk (48%) than in beef (5.2%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The <jats:italic>sea<\/jats:italic> was the most frequently (90%) harboured gene. A large proportion of isolates (88%) harboured more than one virulence gene. Isolates were generally resistant to erythromycin (82%), vancomycin (80%), tetracycline (76%), and oxacillin (74%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was common (92%). Milk and beef samples in study area were contaminated with MDR enterotoxigenic <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> strains and may constitute a potential hazard to consumers. Thus, the need for implementation of proper hygienic measures when handling these products and pasteurization of milk cannot be overemphasized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6015283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T01:20:11Z","timestamp":1603934411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> in Milk and Beef from the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2132-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie Ebob Agbortabot","family":"Bissong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon Fonyuy","family":"Tahnteng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1230-5138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Collins Njie","family":"Ateba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7660-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane-Francis Tatah Kihla","family":"Akoachere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","unstructured":"WHO Food safety 2020 April 2020 http:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/facts-sheets\/detail\/foodsafety."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/beverages3040054"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","first-page":"215","article-title":"Foodborne bacteria in dairy products: detection by molecular techniques","volume":"44","author":"Cancino-Padilla N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-13-190"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/827965"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2013.1503"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/sokjvs.v16i1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2082177"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0039-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(81)92186-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.5.2793-2795.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2071751"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00436"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11030178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S55778"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7450-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","unstructured":"Business in Cameroon Animal husbandary minister denounces increasing use of antibiotics in animal feed 2018 https:\/\/www.businessincameroon.com\/husbandry\/1412-8688-cameroon-animal-husbandry-minister-denounces-increasing-use-of-antibiotic-in-animal-feed."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2016.1180668"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practices of usage of antibiotics in chicken farming and impact of some of their residues in products consumed in Yaound\u00e9","volume":"4","author":"Keutchatang F. 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