{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:51:46Z","timestamp":1793296306556,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588636800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP-2019\/97"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2019\/97"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a common pregnancy-associated complication of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) which is an endocrine malfunction disease. Patients with PCOS may have several underlying contributing and interrelated factors, which have been reported in women with RSA. The incidence rate between PCOS and RSA remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to determine the possible association of <jats:italic>IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-511C\/T, <jats:italic>IL-6<\/jats:italic>-174G\/C, <jats:italic>TNF-\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-1031T\/C, and <jats:italic>TGF\u03b21<\/jats:italic>-509T\/C with RSA patients with or without PCOS. A total of 140 RSA patients, 70 of which were PCOS patients, and 140 healthy females with no history of RSA or PCOS were included in this study. PCR amplification, genotyping, and sequence analysis were employed to investigate the presence of the polymorphisms. The genotypic and allelic frequencies were calculated separately for each subject. Out of the four studied polymorphisms, the <jats:italic>IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-511C\/T genotype in RSA without PCOS patients (12.7%) was significantly different compared with that in control subjects (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.047<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). For <jats:italic>IL-6<\/jats:italic>-174C\/G, there was a tendency towards more CC carriers among RSA with PCOS patients (10%) than in controls (3%). The GG genotype in RSA women with PCOS (60%) was significantly different compared with that in control subjects (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.033<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and the GC genotype in RSA with PCOS patients (30%) showed a marginal significant difference compared with that in control subjects (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.050<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Significant difference was identified in the allelic frequencies in RSA patients with PCOS compared to controls (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.025<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). <jats:italic>IL-6<\/jats:italic>-174G\/C and <jats:italic>TNF-\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-1031T\/C polymorphisms are significantly associated with RSA patients in Saudi patients with PCOS, while the <jats:italic>IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-511C\/T polymorphism is significantly associated with RSA patients without PCOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6076274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T23:54:44Z","timestamp":1588722884000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Association of <i>IL-1\u03b2<\/i>, <i>IL-6<\/i>, <i>TNF-\u03b1<\/i>, and <i>TGF\u03b21<\/i> Gene Polymorphisms with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Afrah F.","family":"Alkhuriji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suliman Y.","family":"Al Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainb A.","family":"Babay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal F.","family":"El-khadragy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Zoology and Entomology, College of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamjed A.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences of Gab\u00e8s, University of Gab\u00e8s, Erriadh City 6072, Zrig Gab\u00e8s, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wazirah G.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7629-4357","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahmoud I.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon"},{"name":"Molecular Biology Unit, Department of 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