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To investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and disease activity, absolute numbers of peripheral lymphocyte subsets, autoantibodies, and associated cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. This study included 106 patients with RA, evaluated their disease activity (DAS28 score), and divided them into disease remission (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mtext>DAS<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn>28<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2.6<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), low disease activity (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mtext>DAS<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn>28<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3.2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and moderate-high disease activity (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>D<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>A<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><mml:mn>28<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3.2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) groups. Flow cytometry was used to detect the absolute numbers of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and CD4+ T cell subsets in each group, and serum cytokine levels were measured using cytometric bead array. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Serum IL-2 levels in RA patients were positively correlated with disease activity and rheumatoid factor titers (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.045<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, respectively), and multiple regression analysis revealed that serum IL-2 levels were an independent factor affecting disease activity. Serum IL-2 levels were positively correlated with Th17\/Treg ratios (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.013<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Compared with the remission group, peripheral lymphocyte and CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in patients with active RA decreased to varying degrees; however, the numbers of peripheral natural killer (NK) cells were significantly higher in the moderate-high disease activity group than in the remission (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.046<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and low disease activity (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.020<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) groups; the percentages of NK cells had the same trend. In addition, the number and percentage of NK cells were positively correlated with serum IL-2 levels (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.018<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.006<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, respectively). <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. In RA patients, serum IL-2 levels were not only correlated with patients\u2019 disease activity and autoantibody levels but were also involved in their Th17\/Treg immune imbalance. In addition, in patients with active RA, NK cell levels were abnormally elevated, possibly due to high serum levels of IL-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6108342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T23:34:15Z","timestamp":1600212855000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Increased Serum Interleukin-2 Levels Are Associated with Abnormal Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cell Levels in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5593-9697","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Baochen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The 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