{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:09:25Z","timestamp":1788448165581,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588204800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae particularly extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers have become a major public health threat. Despite efforts to limit their spread, rates of multidrug-resistance members of the Enterobacteriaceae continue to increase throughout the world causing increased morbidity and mortality and raised costs for medical care.\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Four hundred forty Enterobacteriaceae isolates from outpatients referred to Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory were identified and assessed for their antimicrobial resistance pattern by using the automated VITEK 2 compact system. Extended-spectrum\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -lactamase production was determined by the VITEK 2 automated compact system using the extended-spectrum\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -lactamase test panel as per the instruction of the manufacturer.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The overall resistance rates of Enterobacteriaceae against cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones were high. Nitrofurantoin with a resistance rate of 14.3% and piperacillin\/tazobactam combination with a resistance rate of 17.3% were better active against this group of Gram-negative bacteria. Out of 440 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 42.1% were multidrug-resistant of which 34.3% and 8.95% were extensively drug-resistant and pan-drug resistant, respectively. Among 185 multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, 63.9% of the isolates produced extended-spectrum\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -lactamase of which 75.4%, 19.5%, 1.7%, 2.5%, and 0.8% were\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>freundii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The present study demonstrated high prevalence rates of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. In order to combat these problems, infection control strategy and proper antibiotic policies should be formulated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6167234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T19:38:43Z","timestamp":1588275523000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum\n                    <i>\u03b2<\/i>\n                    -Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: A Cross-Sectional Study at Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9401-3026","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adane","family":"Bitew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estifanos","family":"Tsige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory, Addis Ababa, 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