{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:37:21Z","timestamp":1761061041652,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":138,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671651","31271161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671651","31271161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. To evaluate the performance of amide proton transfer\u2010weighted (APTw) imaging against the reference standard of gadolinium\u2010enhanced T1\u2010weighted imaging (Gd\u2010T1w) in children with intracranial infection. <jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Twenty\u2010eight pediatric patients (15 males and 13 females; age range 1\u2010163 months) with intracranial infection were recruited in this study. 2D APTw imaging and conventional MR sequences were conducted using a 3\u2009T MRI scanner. Kappa (<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>) statistics and the McNemar test were performed to determine whether the hyperintensity on APTw was related to the enhancement on Gd\u2010T1w. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of APTw imaging to predict lesion enhancement were calculated. <jats:italic>Result<\/jats:italic>. In twelve patients with brain abscesses, the enhancing rim of the abscesses on the Gd\u2010T1w images was consistently hyperintense on the APTw images. In eight patients with viral encephalitis, three showed slight spotted gadolinium enhancement, while the APTw image also showed a slight spotted high signal. Five of these patients showed no enhancement on Gd\u2010T1w and isointensity on the APTw image. In eleven patients with meningitis, increased APTw signal intensities were clearly visible in gadolinium\u2010enhancing meninges. Sixty infectious lesions (71%) showed enhancement on Gd\u2010T1w images. The sensitivity and specificity of APTw were 93.3% (56\/60) and 91.7% (22\/24). APTw demonstrated excellent agreement (<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic> = 0.83) with Gd\u2010T1w, with no significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.69) in detection of infectious lesions. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. These initial data show that APTw MRI is a noninvasive technique for the detection and characterization of intracranial infectious lesions. APTw MRI enabled similar detection of infectious lesions to Gd\u2010T1w and may provide an injection\u2010free means of evaluation of intracranial infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6418343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T23:59:42Z","timestamp":1589846382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Amide Proton Transfer\u2010Weighted (APTw) Imaging of Intracranial Infection in Children: Initial Experience and Comparison with Gadolinium\u2010Enhanced T1\u2010Weighted Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7692-1146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanqiu","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8213-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-5-134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","first-page":"1008","article-title":"Expanding poliomyelitis and measles surveillance networks to establish surveillance for acute meningitis and encephalitis syndromes--Bangladesh, China, and India, 2006-2008","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease C and Prevention","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2011.00700.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0756-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3646-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13131669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2015.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.15150025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-1259-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000252"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018181151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.13362"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-013-2636-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2597-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm907"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2006.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151929"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25838"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-015-0828-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.683"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4261-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4732-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4328-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5182-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-019-01382-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-4188-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.02.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3241-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21712"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1996.0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3805-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707666105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2971-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1071-9091(99)80028-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/spid.2003.127321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2556-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-9752(09)96015-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2001.0752"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_2","first-page":"1503","article-title":"Differentiation of tuberculous from pyogenic brain abscesses with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy and magnetization transfer MR imaging","volume":"22","author":"Gupta R. K.","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17690165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850601067678"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340100693"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2004.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0037-198X(99)80026-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2005.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22891"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_2","unstructured":"KeuppJ. BaltesC. HarveyP. R. andvan den BrinkJ. Parallel RF transmission based MRI technique for highly sensitive detection of amide proton transfer in the human brain Proc 19th Annual Meeting ISMRM 2011 Montreal Quebec."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25581"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24284"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24822"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3934"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2020\/6418343.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2020\/6418343.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2020\/6418343","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T06:11:24Z","timestamp":1735625484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2020\/6418343"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Gholamrezanezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2020\/6418343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/6418343","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2314-6133"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2314-6141"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6418343"}}