{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:43:18Z","timestamp":1789094598324,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]],"date-time":"2020-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592006400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tigrai Biotechnology Center Pvt. Ltd. Co."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ginger (<jats:italic>Zingiber officinale<\/jats:italic> Rosc) (Zingiberaceae) is a livelihood and commercial crop in Ethiopia. But, the availability of clean and healthy planting materials has become a problem due to wilt disease, caused by <jats:italic>Ralstonia solanacearum<\/jats:italic> Biovar 3 Race 4. This problem obliged growers to seek for tens of millions of vigorous and disease-free planting materials very quickly via <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> micropropagation of shoot tip explants. For this purpose, protocols of sterilizing shoot tip explants and controlling bacterial contamination of one Ethiopian ginger cultivar called Deribo were tested. Hence, this article reports the finding of a study that aimed at testing the (a) effectiveness of three sterilization agents, namely, 0.25%\u2009w\/v RBK (composed of ridomile, bayleton, and kocide at 1\u2009:\u20091\u2009:\u20091 ratio), 0.50%\u2009v\/v NaOCl, and 70%\u2009v\/v ethanol at three different treatment times in combination with 0.25% HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; (b) efficacy of four broad-spectrum antibiotics and their combinations in controlling bacterial contaminants of ginger shoot tip explants and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> micropropagation media; and (c) effects of the antibiotics on the shooting performances of the explants of the cultivar. A 0.50%\u2009v\/v NaOCl at exposure time of 20\u2009min followed by 0.25% HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> has resulted in 80% contamination-free and 70% live explants after three weeks of incubation. Likewise, cefotaxime at 50, 100, and 200\u2009mg\/L and cefotaxime plus streptomycin at 25, 50, and 100\u2009mg\/L yielded 87 to 93% contamination-free microshoots after three weeks of culturing. The number of explants killed by the antibiotics increased with increasing the concentration of the antibiotics. Cefotaxime at 50\u2009mg\/L and cefotaxime plus streptomycin at 25\u2009mg\/L yielded significantly highest mean microshoots per explant (7.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.36 and 7.51\u2009\u00b1\u20090.27, respectively) and mean shoot length (4.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.26 and 3.56\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17\u2009cm, respectively). Some of the microshoots showed some yellowing. But, they turned green and grew normal after subcultured into fresh, antibiotics-free culture media. These findings are important foundations towards developing more optimized protocols of sterilizing explants and controlling bacterial contaminants for large-scale <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> micropropagation of the Deribo ginger cultivar.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6431301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]],"date-time":"2020-06-13T23:31:20Z","timestamp":1592091080000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Assessing the Efficacy of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics in Controlling Bacterial Contamination in the <i>In Vitro<\/i> Micropropagation of Ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale<\/i> Rosc)"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Selam","family":"Tewelde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tigrai Biotechnology Center Pvt. Ltd. Co., Mekelle, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subban","family":"Patharajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aksum University, P.O. Box 1010, Aksum, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenebe","family":"Teka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aksum University, P.O. Box 1010, Aksum, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3602-1578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Desta Berhe","family":"Sbhatu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mekelle University, P.O. 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