{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:49:31Z","timestamp":1791474571110,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":241,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dpt. of Sci. and Tech. of the Republic of Kosova"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Sideritis raeseri<\/jats:italic> Boiss. and Heldr. (Lamiaceae), known as \u201cmountain tea,\u201d is a native plant from the Mediterranean region, which is widely used in traditional medicine. This study evaluates the effects of the ethanol extract of <jats:italic>Sideritis raeseri<\/jats:italic> (SR) on airway smooth muscle activity and identifies the underlying mechanism. The <jats:italic>S. raeseri<\/jats:italic> extract (SRE) was extracted from air\u2010dried parts of the shoot system of SR. The SRE (0.3\u20132\u2009mg\/mL) was tested in isolated rabbit tracheal rings, suspended in the organ bath, filled with Krebs solution, and bubbled with the carbogen mixture (95% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/5% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) under a resting tension of 1\u2009g in 37\u00b0C. In <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments, the SRE relaxed against acetylcholine\u2010induced constriction in tracheal rings. Furthermore, SRE inhibited Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010induced contractions in carbachol (CCh, 1\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M) as well as in the K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010depolarized trachea (80\u2009mM). Our findings showed the NO\/cGMP involvement in tracheorelaxant effects of SR. To this end, the effect of the SRE was potentiated by bradykinin (nitric oxide (NO) synthase activator, 100\u2009nM), whereas it was inhibited by ODQ (inhibitor of NO\u2010sensitive guanylyl cyclase, 10\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M) and L\u2010NAME (NO synthase inhibitor, 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M), as well as indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor, 10\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M). These data suggest that the tracheorelaxant effect of the SRE is mediated at least partly by NO\/cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cyclooxygenase\u20101\u2010prostaglandin E2\u2010dependent signaling. These findings indicate that the SRE may be used in various respiratory disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6510708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T23:33:18Z","timestamp":1598743998000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Insight into the Mechanisms Underlying the Tracheorelaxant Properties of the <i>Sideritis raeseri<\/i> 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