{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:49:55Z","timestamp":1769118595084,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":346,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004166","name":"Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1MA\/N\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1MA\/N\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004166","name":"Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1MA\/PM1\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1MA\/PM1\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) occurs in more than 20 percent of the adult population and may lead to changes in the structure and function of the bladder. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of Toll\u2010like receptor 4 (TLR 4) and Toll\u2010like receptor 9 (TLR 9) in the animal model of BOO as potential triggers of the inflammation phase in the bladder. In addition, the modulating effect of alpha\u20101 adrenergic antagonist (tamsulosin) on TLR 4 and TLR 9 expression and inflammatory markers was assessed. <jats:italic>Material and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Thirty\u2010two male, 9\u2010week\u2010old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: SOP\u2014sham\u2010operated rats with a placebo (water); SOB\u2014sham\u2010operated rats with an alpha\u20101 adrenergic antagonist; BOOP\u2014rats with BOO and a placebo; and BOOB\u2014rats with BOO and an alpha\u20101 adrenergic antagonist. The rats were given a placebo or alpha\u20101 adrenergic antagonist for 15 days. Next, urine and the bladder were collected from the rats for histopathological and biochemical study. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Histopathological analysis showed chronic inflammation without acute inflammation in the bladder. TLR 4 showed positive cytoplasmic reactivity in the urothelium and the smooth muscles of the bladder. TLR 9 showed positive cytoplasmic reactivity only in the urothelium. BOO caused an increase in TLR 4 and TLR 9 expression. Furthermore, treatment with an alpha\u20101 adrenergic antagonist had no significant effect on TLR 4 and TLR 9 expression in rats with BOO. BOO caused a significant increase in urine concentration of interleukin 6 (IL\u20106), while alpha\u20101 antagonist reduced the urine concentration of IL\u20106 and the concentration of interleukin 18 (IL\u201018). <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. The results suggest the participation of TLR 4 and TLR 9 receptors in the induction of inflammation in the bladder, which is the first phase in the development of pathophysiological changes in BOO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6632359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]],"date-time":"2020-12-13T02:20:09Z","timestamp":1607826009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Expression of Toll\u2010Like Receptors in the Animal Model of Bladder Outlet Obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7132-0453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Niemczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7838-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukasz","family":"Fus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9836-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Czarzasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3844-1023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anika","family":"Jesion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9896-4788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Radziszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5490-7853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Gornicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1605-4447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23897"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09993.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Bladder outlet obstruction: etiology and evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Dmochowski R. 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