{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:07:33Z","timestamp":1782968853867,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":349,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds of China Institute of Sport Science","award":["20-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-04"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds of China Institute of Sport Science","award":["CADA17074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CADA17074"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Education Sciences Planning","award":["20-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-04"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Education Sciences Planning","award":["CADA17074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CADA17074"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We tracked the motor skill development of young children aged 3\u20136 years and investigated the influence of middle\u2010income home environment on the development of motor skill. 268 children were selected from kindergartens in Beijing. The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) tool was used to test the development of locomotor and object\u2010control skills (LS and OS), and a survey of children\u2019s behaviour and home environment was conducted. During the follow\u2010up, the LS and OS of children aged 3\u20136 years continued to grow, with an annual growth rate of 20% and 30%. Five LS indicators and two OS indicators were significantly higher in the 3\u20134\u2010year group than in the 4\u20135 and 5\u20136\u2010year groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). The age\u2010sex trend model showed that girls\u2019 locomotor skill developed at a significantly higher rate than that of boys (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = 6.3004 and 4.6782, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Three\u2010year\u2010old boys performed significantly better than girls on object\u2010control motor skill (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Factors affecting the rate of children\u2019s motor skill development in middle\u2010income families included the frequency of playing with friends (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = 0.133, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.032) and the frequency of bicycling, skateboarding, dancing, running, and jumping (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = 0.041, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.042). Family income, parents\u2019 education level, and family activity area did not significantly affect the growth rate of motor skills. For middle\u2010income families, the improvement of material environment at home like more playing spaces and toys did not speed up the motor development, while more opportunities to play with friends and engage in a variety of sports activities could promote children\u2019s motor skill development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6639341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T01:20:09Z","timestamp":1608081609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Follow\u2010Up Study of Motor Skill Development and Its Determinants in Preschool Children from Middle\u2010Income Family"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5424-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6333-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5048-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4077-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9514-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizhen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2760716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-012-9211-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","volume-title":"Lifespan motor development","author":"Haywood K. M.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Research on sex difference of locomotion subtest of test of gross motor development","volume":"72","author":"Ma H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Shandong Institute of Physical Education and Sports"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2018.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2019.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0351-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803774"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2018.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2012.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"The impact of home motor affordances on motor, cognitive and social development of young children","volume":"13","author":"Zoghi A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iranian journal of child neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12606"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2019.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12820"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026449"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","first-page":"98","article-title":"The establishment of norm of gross motor development test in Shanghai","volume":"54","author":"Diao Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"China Sport Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.751133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","first-page":"852","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the develop mental coordination disorder questionnaire","volume":"16","author":"Jin H.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","first-page":"1322","article-title":"Research on the age and gender characteristics of the development of gross motor in preschool children","volume":"24","author":"Ning K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Child Health Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","volume-title":"Research on the Basic Action Guidance of Preschool Teachers\u2019 Physical Activities","author":"Yi T.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","volume-title":"Lifelong Motor Development","author":"Gabbard C. P.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-017-2289-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"A window of opportunity? Motor skills and perceptions of competence of children in kindergarten","volume":"171","author":"Le Gear M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Behaviour Nutrition and Physical Activities"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","volume-title":"The Research on Characteristics and Teaching Strategies of Gross Motor Development in Preschool Children","author":"Ning K.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1994.10607622"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/10.PMS.121c29x0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2005.10599258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2008.10599481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1994.79.1.691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","volume-title":"Sequencing motor skills within the physical education curriculum","author":"Fountain C.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","volume-title":"Study on the development of object-control skill of children aged 3-6 years","author":"Huang J.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2019.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2018.1563271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2018.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2019.1694128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01942638.2015.1129387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2012.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Social stratum distinction in \u201cplaying\u201d \u2014Family family Education education Concepts concepts of Urban urban Parents parents of Different different Social social Stratastrata","volume":"27","author":"Wu Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","first-page":"362","article-title":"Influences of rearing style on the intellectual development of infants","volume":"30","author":"Cui H.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Hygiene Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2019.01.004"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2020\/6639341.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2020\/6639341.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2020\/6639341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T06:29:00Z","timestamp":1735626540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2020\/6639341"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Zan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2020\/6639341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/6639341","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6639341"}}