{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T09:26:55Z","timestamp":1782552415628,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606176000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2018YFC1314102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1314102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim. To evaluate the effect of an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin) on glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) under insulin glargine combined with oral hypoglycemic drugs, using a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). Methods. This prospective, self-controlled, single-center clinical trial recruited 36 patients with T2D under combined insulin glargine and oral hypoglycemic drugs. General clinical data were collected. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and C-peptide levels were assessed before and four weeks of dapagliflozin (10\u2009mg per day) treatment. Blood glucose was monitored for 72 hours before and after treatment using CGMS. Results. After treatment with dapagliflozin, FBG decreased from <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mn>6.74<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mo>\u00b1<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>1.78<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> to <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mn>5.95<\/c:mn>\n                        <c:mo>\u00b1<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>1.13<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mmol\/L (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.05<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>); PBG decreased from <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mn>13.04<\/g:mn>\n                        <g:mo>\u00b1<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>2.99<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> to <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mn>10.92<\/i:mn>\n                        <i:mo>\u00b1<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>3.26<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mmol\/L (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>p<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>&lt;<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.05<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>); HbA1c decreased from <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mn>7.37<\/m:mn>\n                        <m:mo>\u00b1<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>0.96<\/m:mn>\n                        <m:mi>%<\/m:mi>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> to <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mn>6.94<\/o:mn>\n                        <o:mo>\u00b1<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>0.80<\/o:mn>\n                        <o:mi>%<\/o:mi>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>. The proportion of patients with <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <q:mtext>HbA<\/q:mtext>\n                        <q:mn>1<\/q:mn>\n                        <q:mtext>c<\/q:mtext>\n                        <q:mo>&lt;<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>7<\/q:mn>\n                        <q:mi>%<\/q:mi>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> increased from 27.8% to 58.3%, and the proportion of patients with <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                        <s:mtext>HbA<\/s:mtext>\n                        <s:mn>1<\/s:mn>\n                        <s:mtext>c<\/s:mtext>\n                        <s:mo>&lt;<\/s:mo>\n                        <s:mn>7<\/s:mn>\n                        <s:mi>%<\/s:mi>\n                     <\/s:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> and without level 2 hypoglycemia increased from 27.8% to 55.6% (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <u:math xmlns:u=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\">\n                        <u:mi>p<\/u:mi>\n                        <u:mo>&lt;<\/u:mo>\n                        <u:mn>0.05<\/u:mn>\n                     <\/u:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). CGMS data showed reduction of the 24\u2009h MBG, MAGE, time-above-range (TAR, &gt;10\u2009mmol\/L), high blood glucose index (HBGI), glucose management indicator (GMI), and incremental area under the curve of the glucose level more than 10\u2009mmol\/L (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <w:math xmlns:w=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\">\n                        <w:mtext>AUC<\/w:mtext>\n                        <w:mo>&gt;<\/w:mo>\n                        <w:mn>10<\/w:mn>\n                     <\/w:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and an increase of time-in-range (TIR, 3.9-10\u2009mmol\/L) with treatment. Homeostasis model assessment for pancreatic beta-cell function (HOMA-beta) increased significantly with treatment (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <y:math xmlns:y=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M13\">\n                        <y:mi>p<\/y:mi>\n                        <y:mo>&lt;<\/y:mo>\n                        <y:mn>0.05<\/y:mn>\n                     <\/y:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and fewer insulin doses were required after the treatment, without increasing in hypoglycemia and urinary tract infection. Further, a stratified analysis showed that patients with higher pretreatment HbA1c and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) had greater improvement in glycemic control. Conclusion. Dapagliflozin may reduce blood glucose levels, ameliorate glycemic variability, and improve pancreatic beta-cell function in patients with T2D under insulin glargine combined with other oral hypoglycemic drugs, especially in those with poor glucose control and abdominal obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6666403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T04:06:00Z","timestamp":1606277160000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effect of Dapagliflozin on Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes under Insulin Glargine Combined with Other Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Menghui","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaocen","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6319-1196","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huiqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9383-2559","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianhua","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7596"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S006","article-title":"6. 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