{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T19:46:02Z","timestamp":1778960762139,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71974220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71974220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007890","name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71974220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71974220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Modern cities form city networks through complex social ties. City network research is widely applied to guide regional planning, infrastructure construction, and resource allocation. China put forward the Yellow River Basin Development Strategy in 2019, but no research has been conducted on regional social connections among cities. Based on the gravity model modified by two-way \u201ctime distance\u201d between cities, this is the first study to empirically examine the intensity and structure of the entire city network in the Yellow River basin using the social network analysis method and ArcGIS software. The connection rules of the cross-city transfer of city officials in the basin are also investigated to illustrate the official ties between cities. The results suggest that the intensity of two-way connections between cities is generally low in the Yellow River basin and there is a positive correlation between city network development level and regional economic development level. The development gap between cities on the north and south banks is larger than that between the east and west regions, and some cities in the middle and upper reaches of the river are marginalized in the network. The status of the central cities in the Yellow River basin is distinct, but their connecting and leading abilities are not strong, showing an inverted T-shaped spatial distribution. The subgroups of city networks have strong internal connections, while the connection among subgroups is weak and the development shows a partitioned and fragmented pattern, making it difficult to form linkages among the upper, middle, and lower reaches. The \u201cbeaded chain\u201d spatial development strategy can be adopted in the river basin planning, giving priority to strengthening the links within subgroups of cities and among adjacent subgroups, building central city chains, and reinforcing the overall basin management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6680954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T20:20:10Z","timestamp":1608668410000},"page":"1-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Research on the City Network Structure in the Yellow River Basin in China Based on Two-Way Time Distance Gravity Model and Social Network Analysis Method"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1427-2125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Duo","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Government, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Government, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Government, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Government, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0308518X15594909"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00330124.2016.1157500"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0374.00031"},{"issue":"10","key":"4","first-page":"1630","article-title":"Study on world city network theory within global space of flow","volume":"31","author":"X. 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