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In Crohn\u2019s disease (CD), the mechanisms underlying the regulation by granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF) of mucosal barrier function in the ileum are unclear. We analyzed the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation by GM\u2010CSF of the mucosal barrier function. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. We examined the role of GM\u2010CSF in the intestinal barrier function in CD at the molecular\u2010, cellular\u2010, and animal\u2010model levels. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Macrophages directly secreted GM\u2010CSF, promoting intestinal epithelial proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, which maintained intestinal barrier function. Macrophages were absent in NSAID\u2010induced ileitis, causing GM\u2010CSF deficiency, increasing the apoptosis rate, decreasing the proliferation rate, increasing inter\u2010 and paracellular permeabilities, decreasing the TJP levels, and reducing the numbers of mesenteric lymph nodes, memory T cells, and regulatory T cells in Csf1<jats:sup>op\/op<\/jats:sup> transgenic mice. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. GM\u2010CSF is required for the maintenance of intestinal barrier function. Macrophages directly secrete GM\u2010CSF, promoting intestinal epithelial proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6757495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T06:03:15Z","timestamp":1605679395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Macrophage Deficiency Makes Intestinal Epithelial Cells Susceptible to NSAID\u2010Induced Damage"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yixun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3957-1869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1954"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32415"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03016.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000168371.87283.4b"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00980-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00218-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.203893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.009"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/9789812","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000}}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2020\/6757495.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2020\/6757495.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2020\/6757495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T11:19:38Z","timestamp":1735643978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2020\/6757495"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Benoit","family":"Stijlemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2020\/6757495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/6757495","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6757495"}}