{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:26:01Z","timestamp":1792297561464,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":215,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most common degenerative diseases that lead to pain and disability. Oral NSAIDs are effective drugs used to alleviate symptoms in patients with KOA, but they have several important complications, especially in the elderly. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of mesotherapy on pain reduction and improvement of functioning in patients with KOA. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Sixty\u2010two patients with KOA, grade 2\u20103 of the Kellgren\u2013Lawrence scale, were randomized into two groups: the mesotherapy group, in which two injections were applied with piroxicam at a 10\u2010day interval, and the oral group, in which piroxicam was prescribed for 10 days. The patients were evaluated before the treatment and 2, 4, and 8 weeks after it using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oxford Knee Scare (OKS), and Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC, Persian version). <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics and baseline pain and function scores between the two groups. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks of follow\u2010up, VAS, WOMAC, and OKS scores significantly improved in both groups (in the mesotherapy group: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value &lt;0.001 in all three scores and in the oral group: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value &lt;0.001 in the VAS scale and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value &lt;0.05 in WOMAC and OKS scores). There was no significant difference between the two groups at any time in the VAS score, but improvement in WOMAC and OKS scales in the mesotherapy group was significantly better (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value &lt;0.05 in both scales [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value &lt;0.03 in OKS and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value &lt;0.02 in WOMAC scales]). Side effects in both groups were not serious: limited heart burn in 32.2% of the total subjects in the oral group and pain at the injection site in 3.2% and bruises in 38.7% of the total subjects in the mesotherapy group. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Mesotherapy is an effective and safe treatment modality in patients with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate KOA in the short term. This trial is registered with <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/IRCT2017052434113N1\">IRCT2017052434113N1<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6940741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T23:34:37Z","timestamp":1596497677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Efficacy of Piroxicam Mesotherapy in Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8867-3928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Farpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3954-1280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahime","family":"Estakhri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohadese","family":"Zakeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reyhaneh","family":"Parvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(11)60243-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0950-3579(97)80011-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.18.2443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/cmamd.s17894"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163517702168"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19082\/5663"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1225"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","first-page":"548","article-title":"The role of acetaminophen in the treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Flood J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"The American Journal of Managed Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0899"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15407\/cryo28.01.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2014-000027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijp.IJP_245_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6513049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28415-1_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/436959"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2015.0007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-016-0052-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/317183"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90126-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-016-3646-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","first-page":"529","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the Oxford knee score in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"39","author":"Ebrahimzade M. 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