{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T20:56:23Z","timestamp":1779310583183,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":352,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a major complication in patients with bacteremia of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> infection. Our aim was to determine the association of the major Staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs), including Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin\u20101 (TSST\u20101), among hospitalized patients diagnosed with bacteremia and those with IE. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. This study was conducted on 88 patients; of these, 84 (95.5%) had two positive blood cultures. Eighteen out of the 84 patients (21.4%) were diagnosed based on the modified Duke criteria by a cardiologist to have IE. The recovered isolates were screened phenotypically using ELISA followed by molecular analysis of <jats:italic>sea<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>seb<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sec<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sed<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>see<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>tsst-1<\/jats:italic>, the major SAg coding genes, and the obtained findings were statistically analyzed. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Phenotypic screening for SE production of 26 selected Staphylococci (15 isolated from the IE patients (10 <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and 5 coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS)) and 11 from bacteremic patients (10 <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and 1 CoNS)) using ELISA revealed that 12\/26 (46%) isolates were SE producers. PCR analysis showed that 19 (73%) isolates were PCR positive for SAg genes with the highest prevalence of the <jats:italic>sea<\/jats:italic> gene (79%), followed by <jats:italic>seb<\/jats:italic> (63%) and <jats:italic>tsst-1<\/jats:italic> (21%). The least frequent gene was <jats:italic>sed<\/jats:italic> (5.3%). Statistical correlations between bacteremic and IE isolates with respect to prevalence of SAgs showed no significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value = 0.139, effect size = 0.572) indicating no specific association between any of the detected SAgs and IE. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. There is high prevalence of SEs among clinical isolates of Staphylococci recovered from patients suffering bacteremia and those with IE. No significant difference was found among Staphylococcal isolates recovered from patients with bacteremia or IE regarding both phenotypic and genotypic detection of the tested SAgs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6981095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T02:50:16Z","timestamp":1608346216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin\u20101 and Their Association among Bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis Patients in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Heba M.","family":"Elsherif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeinab H.","family":"Helal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona R.","family":"El-Ansary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeinab A.","family":"Fahmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wafaa N.","family":"Eltayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Radwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7608-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled M.","family":"Aboshanab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmrp.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9040198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-017-0001-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2017.1392039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7257401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/55189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SpauldingA. 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