{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T03:22:13Z","timestamp":1782789733174,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":265,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-15-0544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-15-0544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Schisandra chinensis<\/jats:italic> is a woody vine native to China, Korea, and Russia, which has been used as a traditional herbal remedy to treat male infertility. As very little information is available concerning its effects on ejaculated spermatozoa, the aim of this study was to investigate the chemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the <jats:italic>S. chinensis<\/jats:italic> berry (<jats:italic>Omija<\/jats:italic>) extract followed by an assessment of its <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> effects on bovine sperm function and oxidative balance. Phytochemical components of the <jats:italic>Omija<\/jats:italic> extract were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids was assessed by spectrophotometric protocols. Antioxidant characteristics of the <jats:italic>Omija<\/jats:italic> extract were determined by the 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and molybdenum\u2010reducing antioxidant power (MRAP) assays. The disc diffusion method and determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration were applied to study the antibacterial properties of <jats:italic>Schisandra<\/jats:italic>. Thirty semen samples were exposed to different concentrations of <jats:italic>Omija<\/jats:italic> (1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 75\u2009<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>g\/mL) for 0, 2, and 24\u2009h. Sperm motility, mitochondrial activity, and superoxide and reactive oxygen species production, as well as total antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids were determined. Our data reveal that the <jats:italic>Omija<\/jats:italic> extract, particularly at a concentration range within 5\u201350\u2009<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>g\/mL, exhibited dose\u2010dependent motion\u2010promoting and metabolism\u2010enhancing properties, accompanied by significant antioxidant effects. We may conclude that the biomolecules present in the <jats:italic>Omija<\/jats:italic> extract such as schisandrins and phenolic molecules offer protection to critical sperm structures against oxidative insults and\/or possible bacterial contamination, leading to a higher preservation of mammalian sperm viability and functional activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7123780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T23:52:04Z","timestamp":1600818724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Characterization of the <i>Omija<\/i> (<i>Schisandra chinensis<\/i>) Extract and Its Effects on the Bovine Sperm Vitality and Oxidative Profile during <i>In Vitro<\/i> Storage"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2895-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Tvrd\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Michalko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falius","family":"\u00c1rvay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nenad L.","family":"Vukovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Ivani\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"\u010eura\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ildik\u00f3","family":"Matu\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4460-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslava","family":"Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bull semen collection and analysis for artificial insemination","volume":"4","author":"Barszcz K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod41.1.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.2011.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2010.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-016-0113-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15414\/jmbfs.2016\/17.6.3.972-975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0367-326x(99)00102-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","first-page":"211","article-title":"New dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandra sphenanthera and their pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitory activities","volume":"65","author":"Ren R.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zeitschrift Fuer Naturforschung B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Phytotherapy: emerging therapeutic option in urologic disease","volume":"1","author":"Kim S. 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