{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:35:58Z","timestamp":1770280558516,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589155200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UBC Medical, Indonesia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pulmonary Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Immunocompromised patients are at a higher risk of having latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) has been proven to perform effectively in LTBI detection among immunocompromised adults and can overcome the limitations of the tuberculin skin test (TST). However, the role of QFT-Plus in detecting LTBI in immunocompromised paediatric patients has not been well established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the test agreement between QFT-Plus and the TST in LTBI detection among immunocompromised children. <jats:italic>Method<\/jats:italic>. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled immunocompromised paediatric patients, aged between 5 and 18 years, who were treated with corticosteroids and\/or chemotherapy from June to November 2019. We categorized them into three groups based on the following diseases: hematologic malignancies and nephrological and immunological diseases. We recorded the patient characteristics and QFT-Plus and TST results, in which the positive result of the TST was <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mtext>induration<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u2265<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>5<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>\u2009<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>mm<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>. Within the same group, comparisons between the two tests were performed using the McNemar test, and results were statistically significant for <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math> values of &lt;0.05. The kappa index was used to assess the agreement between the two test results. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Among 71 patients (median age: 11.8 years) who underwent TST and QFT-Plus testing, 52% were females, and 69% had a normal nutritional status. Chemotherapy was the most common treatment modality for hematologic malignancy compared to other immunosuppressive treatments. The total number of patients with positive QFT-Plus and TST results was 11\/71 (15.5%) and 4\/71 (5.6%), respectively, among whom 3\/11 patients had positive results in both tests, and one patient with positive TST results exhibited a discrepancy, as this was not followed by positive QFT-Plus results. QFT-Plus generated more positive results than the TST in immunocompromised children (McNemar, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.039<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>)). The diagnostic agreement between the tests was fair (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.345<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 95% CI: 0.05\u20130.745). <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. QFT-Plus detected LTBI more effectively than the TST in immunocompromised children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7159485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T23:57:28Z","timestamp":1589241448000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparison between the Interferon <i>\u03b3<\/i> Release Assay\u2014QuantiFERON Gold Plus (QFT-Plus)\u2014and Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in the Detection of Tuberculosis Infection in Immunocompromised Children"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4059-9375","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cory","family":"Primaturia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran\/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Jl. Pasteur No. 38 Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lelani","family":"Reniarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran\/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Jl. Pasteur No. 38 Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8079-6544","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heda M. N.","family":"Nataprawira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran\/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Jl. Pasteur No. 38 Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","year":"2019"},{"key":"2","year":"2016"},{"key":"3","year":"2018"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.07.004"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002152"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00000712"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503917"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00157-2017"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2014.026"},{"issue":"12","key":"10","first-page":"1352","volume":"12","year":"2008","journal-title":"The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10245330600915818"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283474d62"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00438-18"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2575"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-207"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00120908"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.93479"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2011.12.013"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/601737"},{"key":"20","year":"2011"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03503.x"},{"key":"22","first-page":"276","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Medica"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3508-8"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.09.007"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-6-16"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.11.005"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00034-13"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.1893"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.02.65"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy184"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.04.007"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0000000000000399"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055217319875467"}],"container-title":["Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/pm\/2020\/7159485.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/pm\/2020\/7159485.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/pm\/2020\/7159485.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T23:57:33Z","timestamp":1589241453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/pm\/2020\/7159485\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["7159485","7159485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/7159485","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-1836","2090-1844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-1836","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-1844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]}}}