{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:41:42Z","timestamp":1789663302532,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":321,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    undergoes a yeast\u2010to\u2010hyphal transition that has been recognized as a virulence property as well as a turning point leading to biofilm formation associated with candidiasis. It is known that yeast\u2010to\u2010hyphal transition is induced under complex environmental conditions including temperature (above 35\u00b0C), pH (greater than 6.5), CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), amino acids, RPMI\u20101640 synthetic culture medium, and blood serum. To identify the hyphal induction factor in the RPMI\u20101640 medium, we examined each component of RPMI\u20101640 and established a simple hyphal induction condition, that is, incubation in L\u2010proline solution at 37\u00b0C. Incubation in GlcNAc solution alone, which is not contained in RPMI\u20101640, without any other materials was also identified as another simple hyphal induction condition. To inhibit hyphal formation, proline and GlcNAc analogs were examined. Among the proline analogs used, L\u2010azetidine\u20102\u2010carboxylic acid (AZC) inhibited hyphal induction under both induction conditions, but L\u20104\u2010thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (T4C) specifically inhibited proline\u2010induced hyphal formation only, while\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methyl\u2010L\u2010proline (mPro) selectively inhibited GlcNAc\u2010induced hyphal formation. Hyphal formation in fetal bovine serum was also inhibited by AZC or T4C together with mPro without affecting the proliferation of yeast form. These results indicate that these proline analogs are ideal inhibitors of yeast\u2010to\u2010hyphal transition in\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7245782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T12:51:03Z","timestamp":1605617463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Inhibition of Distinct Proline\u2010 or\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    \u2010Acetylglucosamine\u2010Induced Hyphal Formation Pathways by Proline Analogs in\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Tatsuki","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Hoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9044-9917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rinji","family":"Akada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/346307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1315399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.3.963-972.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.006841-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305982110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-8-1763"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.20.6339-6346.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.049395-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.13.3.830-835.1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-127-2-391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.11.5.1014-1023.1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-133-11-3219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.152.2.555-562.1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-128-10-2319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26215-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9861(02)00535-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi048737e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.10.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.74.2.213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004534"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)34569-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.12.5368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.036368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Antifungal agents: a review of their pharmacology and therapeutic indications","volume":"9","author":"Orosz S. 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