{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:26:25Z","timestamp":1770747985613,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. To determine the significance of any association between intersessional changes in ocular residual astigmatism (RA) and astigmatism at corneal front (FSA) and back (BSA) surfaces following uneventful routine phacoemulsification.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Astigmatism was evaluated by autorefractometry and subjective refraction and at both the corneal surfaces with Orbscan II\u2122 (Bausch &amp; Lomb) over central 3\u2009mm and 5\u2009mm optical zones at 1, 2, and 3 months after routine phacoemulsification in 103 patients implanted with monofocal nontoric intraocular lenses (IOLs, one eye\/patient). Data were subjected to vector analysis to determine the actual change (\u0394) in astigmatism (power and axis) for the refractive and Orbscan II findings.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The number of cases that attended where \u0394RA was \u22650.50\u2009DC between 1 and 2 months was 52 by autorefractometry and 36 by subjective refraction and between 2 and 3 months was 24 by autorefractometry and 19 by subjective refraction. Vector analysis revealed significant correlations between \u0394FSA and \u0394RA for data obtained by autorefractometry but not by subjective refraction. At all times, \u0394BSA was greater than \u0394FSA (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Key findings for \u0394BSA values over the central 3\u2009mm zone were between (A) the sine of the axis of \u0394RA (<jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>) and sine of the axis of \u0394BSA (<jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>) for the data obtained by autorefractometry (between 1 and 2 months,<jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.749\u2009\u2212\u20090.303<jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.299,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200952,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>.<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>031<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and subjective refraction (between 2 and 3 months,<jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.6614\u2009\u2212\u20090.4755<jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.474,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>.<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>040<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and (B) \u0394RA (<jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>) and \u0394BSA (<jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>) powers between 2 and 3 months postoperatively for the data obtained by autorefractometry (\u0394RA\u2009=\u20090.118 \u0394BSA\u2009+\u20090.681<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.467,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>.<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>021<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and subjective refraction (\u0394RA\u2009=\u20090.072 \u0394BSA\u2009+\u20090.545<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.510,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>.<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>026<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Changes in the ocular residual refractive astigmatic error after implanting a monofocal nontoric IOL are associated with changes in astigmatism at the back surface of the cornea within the central optical zone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7395081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T23:33:17Z","timestamp":1595460797000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Impact of Changes in Corneal Back Surface Astigmatism on the Residual Astigmatic Refractive Error following Routine Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7860-9794","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Larysa","family":"Tutchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"name":"Kyiv City Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital \u201cEye Microsurgical Center\u201d, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudi","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oleksiy","family":"Voytsekhivskyy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyiv City Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital \u201cEye Microsurgical Center\u201d, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mykhailo","family":"Skovron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyiv City Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital \u201cEye Microsurgical Center\u201d, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olha","family":"Horak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyiv City Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital \u201cEye Microsurgical Center\u201d, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2009.01732.x"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2014.959708"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13003"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1998.0558"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.08.036"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12139"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2737-9"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597x-20140723-01"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.01.046"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15903"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S148599"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3520856"},{"key":"13","volume-title":"Appendix II procedure of rays in the eye. 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