{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T21:22:54Z","timestamp":1747430574113,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S2011012","Z2012017","Z1614417","17ZB0414","213090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2011012","Z2012017","Z1614417","17ZB0414","213090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008083","name":"Xihua University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S2011012","Z2012017","Z1614417","17ZB0414","213090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2011012","Z2012017","Z1614417","17ZB0414","213090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Sichuan","award":["S2011012","Z2012017","Z1614417","17ZB0414","213090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2011012","Z2012017","Z1614417","17ZB0414","213090"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S2011012","Z2012017","Z1614417","17ZB0414","213090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2011012","Z2012017","Z1614417","17ZB0414","213090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pharmaceutical supply chains are often highly complex with conflicting objectives of social welfare and profit maximization. Furthermore, there are various stakeholders including pharmaceutical manufacturer, distributors, retailers, patients, and the government. In this paper, we consider a two-stage supply chain consisting of one pharmaceutical manufacturer and a pharmacy with online and offline channels. We focus on four price cap models: no price cap regulation, pharmaceutical manufacturer\u2019s price cap regulation, pharmacy price cap regulation, and linkage price cap regulation. We apply game theory, investigate how the price cap regulations affect the firms\u2019 pricing, and evaluate the economic performance and social welfare of the dual-channel pharmaceutical supply chain. Our findings show that first, like the single-channel pharmaceutical supply chain, the profit of the regulated firm always decreases and the profit of the unregulated firm always increases when they are under one-sided price cap regulations. Second, the impacts of the linkage price cap regulation on the supply chain are more complicated depending on the linkage coefficient and market share. Overall, our findings can provide theoretical and practical insights to help the government devise price cap regulations for complex modern pharmaceutical supply chains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7471948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T02:05:08Z","timestamp":1604714708000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Price Cap Models in Pharmaceutical Online-to-Offline Supply Chains"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5809-911X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Management, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"},{"name":"China Tourism Academy, Beijing 100005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6215-7017","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of International Economics and Management Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8578-6254","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Victor","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, ON N2L 3C5, Waterloo, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3352-9800","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Business School, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7762-6245","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenxing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Management, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/2e9902b5-en","volume-title":"The Millennium Development Goals Report 2013 [EB\/OL]","author":"United Nations","year":"2013"},{"volume-title":"World Health Statistics 2009 [EB\/OL]","year":"2009","author":"World Health Organization","key":"2"},{"volume-title":"Health Systems Financing: the Path to Universal Coverage [EB\/OL]","year":"2010","author":"World Health Organization","key":"3"},{"volume-title":"The World Medicines Situation 2011: Medicine Expenditures [EB\/OL]","year":"2011","author":"L. Ye","key":"4"},{"volume-title":"IMS Forecasts Global Pharmaceutical Market Growth of 4\u20136 Percent in 2010; Predicts 4\u20137 Percent Expansion through 2013 [EB\/OL]","year":"2009","author":"IMS Health","key":"5"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2009.01.001"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pursup.2013.09.001"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10100-006-0167-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"9","first-page":"68","article-title":"Research on cost control mode of medicine supply chain based on information asymmetry theory","author":"X. Su","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reform of Economic System"},{"issue":"7","key":"10","first-page":"64","article-title":"The endogenous nature of regulation and its consequences: take medicine price control as an example","volume":"34","author":"H. P. Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of World Economy"},{"issue":"5","key":"11","first-page":"99","article-title":"The quality control strategy of dual-channel drug supply chain under government regulation","volume":"37","author":"J. M. Rong","year":"2019","journal-title":"System Engineering"},{"issue":"9","key":"12","article-title":"Power structure for pharmaceutical dual-channel supply China under price cap policy and public welfare","volume":"31","author":"S. Y. Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Management Review"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4951341"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8690402"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8497070"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1937-5956.2004.tb00147.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1937-5956.2006.tb00002.x","article-title":"Boiling frogs: pricing strategies for a manufacturer adding a direct channel that competes with offline","volume":"15","author":"K. Cattani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Production and Operations Management"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2007.11.041"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2015.1000225"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.2015.6"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.04.018"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5297406"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/913750"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2011.04.005"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2012.07.008"},{"issue":"6","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12031","article-title":"Pharmaceutical supply chain networks with outsourcing under price and quality competition","volume":"20","author":"A. Nagurney","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Transactions in Operational Research"},{"volume-title":"Research on the Optimization Methods of Logistics System in Pharmaceutical Circulation Enterprise","year":"2013","author":"N. W. Liang","key":"27"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.73.2.146"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09600030410515682"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17410380610678792"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01443571011082526"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.2010.181"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09600031111131931"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.1120.0403"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13598541211212195"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19488300.2012.709583"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2006.10.027"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2014.2127"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsmc.2017.2704445"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8586.00056"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2014.07.030"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2020.102213"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2017.04.003"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.03.046"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2019.01.011"}],"container-title":["Complexity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2020\/7471948.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2020\/7471948.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2020\/7471948.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T18:46:33Z","timestamp":1697049993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2020\/7471948\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["7471948","7471948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/7471948","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-0526","1076-2787"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-0526"},{"type":"print","value":"1076-2787"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]}}}