{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T23:34:59Z","timestamp":1778196899205,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":331,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanxi Province Social Development Program","award":["202003D31014\/GZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003D31014\/GZ"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To investigate the immune status of people who previously had COVID\u201019 infections, we recruited two\u2010week postrecovery patients and analyzed circulating cytokine and lymphocyte subsets. We measured levels of total lymphocytes, CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, CD19\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells, and CD56\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    NK cells and the serum concentrations of interleukin\u2010 (IL\u2010) 1, IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201010, transforming growth factor beta (TGF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and interferon gamma (IFN\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) by flow cytometry. We found that in most postrecovery patients, levels of total lymphocytes (66.67%), CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells (54.55%), CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells (54.55%), CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells (81.82%), CD19\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells (69.70%), and CD56\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    NK cells (51.52%) remained lower than normal, whereas most patients showed normal levels of IL\u20102 (100%), IL\u20104 (80.88%), IL\u20106 (79.41%), IL\u201010 (98.53%), TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (89.71%), IFN\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    (100%), and IL\u201017 (97.06%). Compared to healthy controls, two\u2010week postrecovery patients had significantly lower absolute numbers of total lymphocytes, CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, CD19\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells, and CD56\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    NK cells, along with significantly higher levels of IL\u20102, IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , IFN\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and IL\u201017. Among postrecovery patients, T cells, particularly CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, were positively correlated with CD19\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cell counts. Additionally, CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells were positively correlated with CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells and IL\u20102 levels, and IL\u20106 positively correlated with TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and IFN\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These correlations were not observed in healthy controls. By ROC curve analysis, postrecovery decreases in lymphocyte subsets and increases in cytokines were identified as independent predictors of rehabilitation efficacy. These findings indicate that the immune system gradually recovers following COVID\u201019 infection; however, the sustained hyperinflammatory response for more than 14 days suggests a need to continue medical observation following discharge from the hospital. Longitudinal studies of a larger cohort of recovered patients are needed to fully understand the consequences of the infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7570981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T06:22:00Z","timestamp":1606803720000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Circulating Cytokines and Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients Who Have Recovered from COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"family":"Hasichaolu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinri","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5302-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BalachandarV. MahalaxmiI. SubramaniamM. KaavyaJ. KumarN. S. LaldinmawiiG. NarayanasamyA. ReddyP. J. K. SivaprakashP. VivekanandhanG. andChoS. G. Follow-up studies in COVID-19 recovered patients - is it mandatory? Science of The Total Environment 2020 729 no. 139021 aritcle 32360909 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102763"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105954"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000866"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2014.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0699-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens6010008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0168-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxn075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3153"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2020\/7570981.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2020\/7570981.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2020\/7570981","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T01:13:22Z","timestamp":1735607602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2020\/7570981"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Saheem","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2020\/7570981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/7570981","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.07.22.20160259","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"7570981"}}