{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:30:11Z","timestamp":1787563811024,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":302,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009402","name":"Mekelle University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"\n Various species of the genus\n Grewia<\/jats:italic>\n have been investigated for different pharmaceutical applications as excipients, yet a study on the potential use of\n Grewia ferruginea<\/jats:italic>\n mucilage (GFM) as a suspending agent is lacking. Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy of\n Grewia ferruginea<\/jats:italic>\n mucilage (GFM) as a suspending agent in metronidazole benzoate suspension. The suspensions were prepared using 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%\n w<\/jats:italic>\n \/\n v<\/jats:italic>\n of GFM and compared with suspensions prepared from xanthan gum (XGM) and sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (SCMC) in similar concentrations. The prepared suspensions were evaluated for visual appearance, pH, rheology, sedimentation volume, redispersibility, degree of flocculation, and\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n drug release profile. Stability study was done at different storage conditions for three months. The results indicated that all the prepared suspension formulations exhibited pseudoplastic flow characteristics with viscosity imparting ability of the suspending agents in the order of XGM > GFM > SCMC (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). The flow rate and redispersibility of the formulations prepared with GFM were significantly lower than those with SCMC and higher than those prepared with XGM. At 0.5%\n w<\/jats:italic>\n \/\n v<\/jats:italic>\n suspending agent concentrations, the sedimentation volume of the formulations was in the order of XGM > GFM > SCMC (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). However, at all other concentrations, the sedimentation volume of the formulations prepared with GFM had similar results with XGM but exhibited significantly higher sedimentation volume than SCMC. The formulations with GFM showed a higher degree of flocculation at 0.5%\n w<\/jats:italic>\n \/\n v<\/jats:italic>\n concentration but were comparable at 1.5%\n w<\/jats:italic>\n \/\n v<\/jats:italic>\n with XGM containing formulations. The pH, assay, and\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n release profile of all assessed formulations were within the pharmacopial limit. Thus, based on the finding of this study, it can be concluded that\n Grewia ferruginea<\/jats:italic>\n bark mucilage has the potential to be utilized as a suspending agent in suspension formulations.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7612126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T20:35:13Z","timestamp":1604003713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of\n Grewia ferruginea<\/i>\n Hochst ex A. Rich Mucilage as Suspending Agent in Metronidazole Benzoate Suspension"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7331-0518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsadkan Gebremeskel","family":"Haile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gereziher Gebremedhin","family":"Sibhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebisa","family":"Tadese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2978-8818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desta","family":"Tesfay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4556-1245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fantahun","family":"Molla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Pharmaceutical suspensions. 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