{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:22:08Z","timestamp":1790659328059,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596499200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to establish the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter cultures, <jats:italic>Lb. plantarum<\/jats:italic> MNC 21, <jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic> MNC 24, and <jats:italic>W. confusa<\/jats:italic> MNC 20, isolated from a traditionally fermented sorghum-millet beverage from Uganda. The cultures were examined for tolerance to acid and bile salts, bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, antibiotic susceptibility, biogenic amine production, mucin degradation, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, adherence to the ileum, coaggregation, and antimicrobial properties against selected pathogenic species. <jats:italic>Lb. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> yoba 2012, a known probiotic, was the reference. The isolates were tolerant to acid (pH\u2009=\u20093) and bile (1%). <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>confusa<\/jats:italic> MNC 20 and <jats:italic>Lb<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>plantarum<\/jats:italic> MNC 21 exhibited medium BSH activity (11\u201315\u2009mm diameter of hydrolysis zone) while <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lactis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lb<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> yoba 2012 exhibited low BSH activity (&lt;10\u2009mm diameter of hydrolysis zone). All isolates lacked mucolytic activity. <jats:italic>Lb<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>plantarum<\/jats:italic> MNC 21 and <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>confusa<\/jats:italic> MNC 20 produced agmatine. The candidate and reference microorganisms were resistant to 10 of 21 and 5 of 21 antibiotics, respectively. The isolates exhibited hydrophobic, auto-aggregation and coaggregation properties. These three properties were exhibited more (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) by the reference than the potential probiotics. The ability of the potential probiotics to attach onto the goat ileum (7.3\u20138.0 log cfu\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was comparable to that of <jats:italic>Lb<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> yoba 2012 (7.6 log cfu\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). The four LAB inhibited <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic> to the same extent (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The findings indicated potential probiotic activity of the starter cultures. However, further <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> examination of these isolates is required to confirm their probiotic capabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7825943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T23:31:42Z","timestamp":1596583902000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Starter Cultures Isolated from a Traditional Fermented Sorghum-Millet Beverage"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Stellah","family":"Byakika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8942-3859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ivan Muzira","family":"Mukisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf Byenkya","family":"Byaruhanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Muyanja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","year":"2006"},{"key":"2","first-page":"32","volume":"23","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microecological Theory"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn20051473"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.3.1729\u20131738.200610.1128\/aem.72.3.1729-1738.2006"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09637480903455971"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/481651"},{"key":"7","first-page":"144","volume":"1","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Medicine & Clinical Practice"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12491"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19080\/ARGH.2017.06.555691"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-017-9375-6"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2005.02.003"},{"key":"13","first-page":"1","volume":"147","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2003.726"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2008.652.655"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.04.027"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/760298"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0102-09352013000600040"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejbas.2016.06.001"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5398\/medpet.2017.40.2.136"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1605(02)00148-4"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.09.023"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01342-07"},{"key":"25","first-page":"218","volume":"1","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Biological Research"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.438"},{"key":"27","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"28","first-page":"22","volume":"134","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2019.1584815"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000248009.47526.ea"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01873"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x-61.12.1636"},{"key":"34","year":"1995"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2009.07.006"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.10.5565-5575.2003"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08910608809140186"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5219\/434"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2003.01915.x"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-1000-z"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.s0022-0302(02)74129-5"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2007.11.001"},{"key":"43","first-page":"17","volume":"2","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Global Pharma Technology"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.386s"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.s0022-0302(05)72662-x"},{"key":"47","year":"2009"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.6.3060\u20133067.200510.1128\/aem.71.6.3060-3067.2005"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/523341"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-2244(00)89085-8"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512004011"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17602"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081=FBT-12001666810.1081\/fbt-120016668"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms3020198"},{"key":"55","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Probiotics for humans","year":"1992"},{"key":"56","first-page":"2924","volume":"9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Life Science Journal"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2017.01.041"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M604172200"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22159\/ijpps.2016v8i11.12683"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.s0022-0302(00)75169-1"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000342079"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01683"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1656(00)00375-8"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.03.008"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.24627"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1605(02)00254-4"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1605(98)00049-x"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2006.11.001"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x-68.11.2459"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-9265"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02105-06"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01204"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4565.2009.00201.x"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.218"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-811442-1.00002-x"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00199"},{"key":"77","first-page":"69","volume":"9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Enciclop\u00e9dia Biosfera"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2010.09.005"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2011.02717.x"},{"key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1605(99)00152-x"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.10.051"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02873-0"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1605(00)00398-6"},{"key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci110009"},{"key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00086"},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04363.x"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.5.1117"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02509-07"},{"issue":"4","key":"89","first-page":"563","volume":"15","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2004.09.006"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-526x(05)45002-3"},{"key":"92","year":"2011"},{"key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2000.00845.x"},{"key":"94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765x.2007.02212.x"},{"key":"95","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Inhibition of bacterial adhesion on medical devices","year":"2011"},{"key":"96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgeb.2018.03.005"},{"key":"97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2011.02.009"},{"key":"98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008099"},{"key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192978"},{"key":"100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31018\/jans.v1i2.52"},{"key":"101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02726.x"},{"key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2005.09.003"},{"key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.011"},{"key":"104","first-page":"46","volume":"49","year":"2007","journal-title":"Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiolog\u00eda"},{"key":"105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765x.1998.t01-1-00449.x"},{"key":"106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.64.1.21-26.1998"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2012.01.002"},{"key":"108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2009.02684.x"},{"key":"109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.s0022-0302(99)75204-5"},{"key":"110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-012-0265-5"},{"key":"111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.6.827"},{"key":"112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00265.2006"},{"key":"113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001308"},{"key":"114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00327.2009"},{"key":"115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08910600802408095"},{"key":"116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.09.016"},{"key":"117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2013.04.009"},{"key":"118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15739\/IJAPR.030"},{"key":"119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ajas.2015.25.36"},{"key":"120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169543"},{"key":"121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2004.01.003"},{"key":"122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3205\/dgkh000307"},{"key":"123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.66.5.2001-2005.2000"},{"key":"124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1986.tb00420.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2020\/7825943.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2020\/7825943.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2020\/7825943.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T23:31:48Z","timestamp":1596583908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2020\/7825943\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"references-count":120,"alternative-id":["7825943","7825943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/7825943","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-918X","1687-9198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-918X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]}}}