{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:50:19Z","timestamp":1783511419428,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606348800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2017R1A5A2015391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1A5A2015391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018R1D1A1B07049025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1D1A1B07049025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mannitol has recently been reported to be effective in enhancing the antinociceptive efficacy of lidocaine. No single study to date, however, has compared diphenhydramine with and without mannitol for nociceptive processing as an alternative local anesthetic. In this study, we examined the antinociceptive efficacy enhancements of diphenhydramine when combined with mannitol. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230\u2013260\u2009g were used in a hot plate test to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of diphenhydramine. All chemicals were dissolved in isotonic normal saline and administered subcutaneously into the plantar surface of the right hind paw at 10\u2009min before the hot plate test. A subcutaneous injection of 0.5% or 1% diphenhydramine produced significant inhibition of the withdrawal latency time compared with the vehicle treatment. Antinociceptive effects appeared 10\u2009min after the diphenhydramine injections and persisted for over 30\u2009min. The antinociceptive effects of 1% diphenhydramine were not statistically different from those of 1% lidocaine. Although a subcutaneous injection of a 0.5\u2009M mannitol solution alone did not affect the withdrawal latency time, 1% diphenhydramine with 0.5\u2009M mannitol significantly enhanced antinociception. A subcutaneous injection of 1% diphenhydramine with epinephrine (1\u2009:\u2009100,000) solution did not increase the antinociceptive effect of the diphenhydramine. These results suggest that diphenhydramine with mannitol can be used as an alternative local anesthetic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7934164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T19:35:08Z","timestamp":1606419308000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mannitol Enhances the Antinociceptive Effects of Diphenhydramine as an Alternative Local Anesthetic"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Jo-Young","family":"Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Seong","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hyeong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myeong-Shin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-suk","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Wu","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Sook","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5570-2371","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dong-Kuk","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"594","article-title":"The rates of interaction of local anesthetics with sodium channels in nerve","volume":"7","author":"K. 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