{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:36:36Z","timestamp":1767828996446,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":159,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016R1D1A1B01015625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016R1D1A1B01015625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Identification of a new agent from natural products for the protection of embryonic anomalies is potentially valuable. To investigate the protective effect exerted by lycopene against nicotine\u2010induced malformations, mouse embryos in embryonic day 8.5 with yolk sac placentas were cocultured with 1\u2009mM nicotine and\/or lycopene (1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>, 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M) for 48\u2009h. The morphological defects and apoptotic cell deaths in the embryo and yolk sac placenta of the nicotine group were significantly increased. Exposure to nicotine resulted in reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and cytoplasmic SOD and cytoplasmic glutathione peroxidase mRNA levels, but increased lipid peroxidation level in embryos. Moreover, treatment with nicotine resulted in aggravated expressions of the mRNA or protein level of antiapoptotic (BCL2\u2010associated X protein, B\u2010cell lymphoma\u2010extralarge, and caspase 3), anti\u2010inflammatory (nuclear factor kappa\u2010light\u2010chain\u2010enhancer of activated B cells and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha), and vasculogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor\u2010alpha, insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101, alpha smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor\u2010beta 1, and hypoxia inducible factor\u20101 alpha) factors in the embryo and yolk sac placenta. However, all the parameters were significantly improved by treatment with lycopene, as compared to the nicotine group. These findings indicate the potential of lycopene as a protective agent against embryonic anomalies and yolk sac vasculogenic and placenta\u2010forming defects induced by nicotine through modulations of oxidative, apoptotic, vasculogenic, and inflammatory activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7957045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T23:32:07Z","timestamp":1591659127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Protection of Lycopene against Embryonic Anomalies and Yolk Sac Placental Vasculogenic Disorders Induced by Nicotine Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Seul Gi","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee Wha","family":"Gwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4312-6282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Geol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In-Jeoung","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beom Jun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7576-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Yoon","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-002-0343-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2000.00269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(96)80079-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(98)00522-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","first-page":"931","article-title":"Fetal nicotine or cocaine exposure: which one is worse?","volume":"285","author":"Slotkin T. 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