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Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease and a major cause of visual impairment. In this study, we aimed to observe whether RVO cases have different antibody profiles as a new potential risk factor and whether a conversion of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) to neovascular glaucoma (NVG), one of the major complications, is occurring within a 5-year timeframe.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. We performed a nested case-control study (1\u2009:\u20094) within the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS), a population-based, prospective cohort study in the Rhine-Main Region of Germany including 15,010 participants. RVO subjects (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200959) were identified by grading of fundus photographs. Optic nerves of RVO subjects and age- and sex-matched controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009229) at baseline and their follow-up examination after 5 years were analyzed for glaucomatous alterations. Of all RVO subjects and controls, serum autoantibody profiles were measured using in-house manufactured antigen-antibody microarrays.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Of the 59 RVO patients, 3 patients (5%) showed glaucomatous optic disc alterations at baseline, whereas no new glaucoma case was detected at 5-year follow-up. Four of the autoantibodies measured (against dermcidin, neurotrophin-3, superoxide dismutase 1, and signal recognition particle 14\u2009kDa protein) were significantly increased in the serum of RVO patients<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:math>. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis showed that 3 of these 4 antibodies were independent of cardiovascular risk factors.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. We found several autoantibodies associated with RVO, targeting proteins and structures possibly involved in RVO pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8386160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T23:43:05Z","timestamp":1596066185000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Results from the Population-Based Gutenberg Health Study Revealing Four Altered Autoantibodies in Retinal Vein Occlusion Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4127-1635","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katharina","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3354-2020","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vanessa 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