{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:09:08Z","timestamp":1790485748218,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585267200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004339","name":"Sanofi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovascular Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antiplatelet therapy is the mainstay of treatment and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke, and peripheral artery disease (PAD). The P2Y<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> inhibitors, of which clopidogrel was the first, play an integral role in antiplatelet therapy and therefore in the treatment and secondary prevention of CVD. This review discusses the available evidence concerning antiplatelet therapy in patients with CVD, with a focus on the role of clopidogrel. In combination with aspirin, clopidogrel is often used as part of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for the secondary prevention of ACS. Although newer, more potent P2Y<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> inhibitors (prasugrel and ticagrelor) show a greater reduction in ischemic risk compared with clopidogrel in randomized trials of ACS patients, these newer P2Y<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> inhibitors are often associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Deescalation of DAPT by switching from prasugrel or ticagrelor to clopidogrel may be required in some patients with ACS. Furthermore, real-world studies of ACS patients have not confirmed the benefits of the newer P2Y<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> inhibitors over clopidogrel. In patients with very high-risk TIA or stroke, short-term DAPT with clopidogrel plus aspirin for 21\u201328 days, followed by clopidogrel monotherapy for up to 90 days, is recommended. Clopidogrel monotherapy may also be used in patients with symptomatic PAD. In conclusion, there is strong evidence supporting the use of clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy in several clinical settings, which emphasizes the importance of this medication in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8703627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T23:31:21Z","timestamp":1585351881000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["The Role of Clopidogrel in 2020: A Reappraisal"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Patti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina Traslazionale, Universit\u00e0 Piemonte Orientale, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 di Novara, Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Micieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Neurologia d\u2019Urgenza, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2919-709X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudio","family":"Cimminiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Studies and Research Center of the Italian Society of Angiology and Vascular Pathology (Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Angiologia e Patologia Vascolare, SIAPAV), Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Bolognese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Cardio Neuro Vascolare, Ospedale, San Donato, Arezzo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3349375"},{"issue":"10053","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31460-X","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10053","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31012-1","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"4","first-page":"e146","volume":"135","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx419","volume":"39","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.12.007"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1322"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157016112801784477"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7329.71"},{"issue":"3","key":"10","first-page":"e46","volume":"49","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.11.024"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614133"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2013.06.011"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm545"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.109.912550"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa0706482"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa0904327"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179349"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.156"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.117.031164"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.113"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2016.03.006"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy855"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/eij-d-17-00634"},{"issue":"10","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.513","volume":"68","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.06.1323"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx175"},{"issue":"10104","key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32155-4","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv104"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.11.025"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.101"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000161383.06692.d4"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/th15-11-0870"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.290"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.02.026"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1209979"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)31323-x"},{"issue":"37","key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu278","volume":"35","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.03.034"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1907096"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1010600"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.029"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/fjc.0000000000000337"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvw044"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.09.029"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mca.0000000000000601"},{"issue":"23","key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032180","volume":"137","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvv024"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvw003"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvw005"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.02.013"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13316"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.09.019"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2014.941055"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.02.049"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw284"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvv034"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2015.08.013"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.04.017"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607991"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.01.008"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)62037-1"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.06.020"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.03.073"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circoutcomes.115.001866"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01549.x"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10678"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000090842.81076.68"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(07)70274-0"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.22.2417"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000129482.70315.2f"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmc1808913"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(07)61448-2"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100007770"},{"issue":"6","key":"76","first-page":"1051","volume":"23","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa060989"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(04)16721-4"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa0901301"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1215340"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.114.014791"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1204133"},{"key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1800410"},{"issue":"2","key":"85","first-page":"234","volume":"13","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Stroke"},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.05.013"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1603060"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1500857"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)30468-8"},{"key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493018786616"},{"issue":"9","key":"92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx095","volume":"39","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.037"},{"key":"94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)61249-0"},{"key":"95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358836x0100600i102"},{"key":"96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circinterventions.115.001946"},{"key":"97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1051-0443(98)70415-4"},{"key":"98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160607064118"},{"key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000267878.97021.ab"},{"key":"100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(96)09457-3"},{"key":"101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn534"},{"key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314533215"},{"key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.524"},{"key":"104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1611688"},{"key":"105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1709118"},{"issue":"10117","key":"106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32409-1","volume":"391","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.623"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cdtp\/2020\/8703627.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cdtp\/2020\/8703627.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cdtp\/2020\/8703627.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T23:31:33Z","timestamp":1585351893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cdtp\/2020\/8703627\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]},"references-count":104,"alternative-id":["8703627","8703627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8703627","relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5914","1755-5922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5914","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5922","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]}}}