{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T03:04:58Z","timestamp":1786763098627,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P 29440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P 29440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human periodontal ligament stromal cells (hPDLSCs) and gingival mesenchymal stromal cells (hGMSCs) are resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of the periodontal tissue. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from<jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>is structurally distinct from that of other Gram-negative bacteria, and earlier studies linked this structural difference to a distinct virulence activity and the ability to activate toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), besides TLR-4 as commonly occurring upon LPS challenge. Later studies, in contrast, argue that TLR-2 activation by<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>LPS is due to lipoprotein contamination. In the present study, we aimed to define the influence of structure versus purity of<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>LPS on the immune response of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs. Cells were stimulated with commercially available \u201cstandard\u201d<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>LPS, \u201cultrapure\u201d<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>LPS, or \u201cultrapure\u201d<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>LPS, and the expression of interleukin- (IL-) 8, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein- (MCP-) 1, TLR-2, and TLR-4 was evaluated. The contribution of TLR-4 to the LPS-induced response was assessed using the specific TLR-4 inhibitor TAK-242. \u201cStandard\u201d<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>LPS induced significantly higher IL-8, IL-6, and MCP-1 production compared to the \u201cultrapure\u201d LPS preparations, with no significant difference detectable for \u201cultrapure\u201d LPS from<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. By using TAK-242, the response of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs to \u201cultrapure\u201d LPS preparations was effectively inhibited to the levels comparable to those of nonstimulated controls. In contrast, high levels of response to \u201cstandard\u201d LPS were observed, even in the presence of TAK-242. Our data show that the response of MSCs from periodontal tissue to LPS depends more on the purity of the LPS preparation than on the LPS source. Even a small amount of contaminating lipoproteins can drastically enhance the hPDLSCs\u2019 and hGMSCs; responsiveness to<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>LPS, which might also contribute to the progression of periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8704896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T23:33:59Z","timestamp":1593732839000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Response of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Periodontal Tissue to LPS Depends on the Purity but Not on the LPS Source"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Behm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 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