{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:05:35Z","timestamp":1787508335420,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595548800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Polyparasitism is widespread in many communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is paucity of data on polyparasitism in infants and preschool-aged children (IPSAC), to inform policy developments. Therefore, a survey of 1110 consented IPSAC was undertaken in Egbedore Local Government Area (LGA), Osun State, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of polyparasitism in IPSAC in ten randomly selected rural communities. Fresh stool and blood samples were collected and processed for intestinal parasites and malaria infection. Mothers\/caregivers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to obtain demographic data of their IPSAC and to document knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on parasitic infections. Data obtained through the questionnaire were analyzed using EpiData version 3.1, while parasitological data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20.0). Descriptive statistics were computed for demographic data and association which were tested using bivariate analysis at a 95% confidence level while significance was set at\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    . The results showed that 349 (46.29%) were infected with a single parasite. Infants and preschool-aged children infected with double, triple, and quadruple parasites are 268 (35.54%), 122 (16.18%), and 15 (1.99%), respectively. The prevalence of polyparasitism is 405 (53.71%). Although females (54.07%) were more infected than males (45.93%), there was no significant difference (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) observed. Significantly (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) more preschool children (65.93%) harbour more infections than the infants do (34.07%). Ara community (14.81%) had the highest cases of polyparasitized IPSAC, but no significant difference (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) was observed across the communities. Double parasitic infection of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    (30.12%) and triple parasitic infection of\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic>\n                    (14.81%) were the most common forms of polyparasitism encountered in the study. This study showed that polyparasitism is a burden in IPSAC and needs further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8810148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T19:33:03Z","timestamp":1595619183000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Polyparasitism with Malaria and Intestinal Parasite Infections among Infants and Preschool-Aged Children in Egbedore, Osun State, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4235-5208","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S. N.","family":"Odoemene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Oluwole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The COUNTDOWN Project, Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Sightsavers, Nigeria Country Office, Kaduna, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. O.","family":"Mogaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. V.","family":"Adegbola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnics Ede, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. O.","family":"Omitola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Bayegun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. A.","family":"Ojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. O.","family":"Sam-Wobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U. F.","family":"Ekpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.88"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03342"},{"key":"4","year":"2017"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003236"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60233-6"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000974"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000126"},{"key":"10","year":"1996"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.345"},{"key":"12","year":"2008"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2973-2"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-13"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)00018-X"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/368362"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01950.x"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000800005"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-3-43"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591183"},{"key":"21","first-page":"277","volume":"90","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.06.006"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7897351"},{"key":"24","first-page":"551","volume":"100","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa3662"},{"issue":"1","key":"26","first-page":"18","volume":"33","year":"2002","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"27","year":"2009"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-81"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2020\/8810148.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2020\/8810148.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2020\/8810148.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T19:33:06Z","timestamp":1595619186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2020\/8810148\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["8810148","8810148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8810148","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0023","2090-0031"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-0023","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-0031","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]}}}