{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:32:51Z","timestamp":1790112771504,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51575100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51575100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bone drilling is known as one of the most sensitive milling processes in biomedical engineering field. Fracture behavior of this cortical bone during drilling has attracted the attention of many researchers; however, there are still impending concerns such as necrosis, tool breakage, and microcracks due to high cutting forces, torques, and high vibration while drilling. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the cutting forces, torques, and vibration resulted on different bone samples (bovine, porcine, and artificial femur) using a 6dof Robot arm effector with considerations of its stiffness effects. Experiments were conducted on two spindle speeds of 1000 and 1500\u2009rpm with a drill bit diameter of 2.5\u2009mm and 6\u2009mm depth of cut. The results obtained from the specimens were processed and analyzed using MATLAB R2015b and Visio 2000 software; these results were then compared with a prior test using manual and conventional drilling methods. The results obtained show that there is a significant drop in the average values of maximum drilling force for all the bone specimens when the spindle speed changes from 1000\u2009rev\/min to 1500\u2009rev\/min, with a drop from (20.07 to 12.34\u2009N), approximately 23.85% for bovine, (11.25 to 8.14\u2009N) with 16.03% for porcine, and (5.62 to 3.86\u2009N) with 33.99% for artificial femur. The maximum average values of torque also decrease from 41.2 to 24.2\u2009N\u00b7mm (bovine), 37.0 to 21.6\u2009N\u00b7mm (porcine), and 13.6 to 6.7\u2009N\u00b7mm (artificial femur), respectively. At an increase in the spindle speed, the vibration amplitude on all the bone samples also increases considerably. The variation in drilling force, torque, and vibration in our result also confirm that the stiffness of the robot effector joint has negative effect on the bone precision during drilling process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8817422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T03:05:37Z","timestamp":1603249537000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Cutting Forces, Torques, and Vibration in Drilling of Bovine, Porcine, and Artificial Femur Bone with Considerations for Robot Effector Stiffness"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2445-1482","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oluseyi Adewale","family":"Orelaja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6649-1485","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingsong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghua","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dauda Sh.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianzheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umer","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishola A.","family":"Afiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","article-title":"Vibration reduction, characterization of drill bit and femur bone to forces during robotic-assisted drilling using model soft fixture embedded with pressurized-air damper","author":"O. 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