{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T11:14:30Z","timestamp":1775819670472,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605139200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Schistosomiasis is one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases in Ethiopia, and its burden may show variations from time to time across different regions. Thus, this study was aimed at determining the prevalence, intensity, and associated risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) among schoolchildren in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Stool specimens were collected and examined using two-slide Kato-Katz method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> values less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Result. A total of 786 schoolchildren were participated in this study. The prevalence of S. mansoni was 33.5%. The mean egg count of the parasite among the infected study participants was 523.665 eggs per gram (epg) of stool. Thirty-seven, 42, and 21 percent of the study participant\u2019s infection were due to light, moderate, and heavy infection intensities, respectively. Age of 8-11 years old (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mtext>AOR<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>1,687<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mn>95<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mi>%<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mtext>CI<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>1.163<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mo>,<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>2.892<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), 5th-8th grade level (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mtext>AOR<\/g:mtext>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>2.280<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mn>95<\/i:mn>\n                        <i:mi>%<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mtext>CI<\/i:mtext>\n                        <i:mo>=<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>1.348<\/i:mn>\n                        <i:mo>,<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>3.856<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), residing in Chuahit District (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mtext>AOR<\/k:mtext>\n                        <k:mo>=<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>95.559<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mn>95<\/m:mn>\n                        <m:mi>%<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mtext>CI<\/m:mtext>\n                        <m:mo>=<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>12.945<\/m:mn>\n                        <m:mo>,<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>705.419<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and using untreated water for domestic supply (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mtext>AOR<\/o:mtext>\n                        <o:mo>=<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>1.724<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <q:mn>95<\/q:mn>\n                        <q:mi>%<\/q:mi>\n                        <q:mtext>CI<\/q:mtext>\n                        <q:mo>=<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>1.457<\/q:mn>\n                        <q:mo>,<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>2.148<\/q:mn>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) were found to be risk factors for S. mansoni infection. Conclusion. High prevalence of S. mansoni and relatively higher proportion of moderate intensity of infection in this study imply that schistosomiasis is still one of the major public health problems in Northwest Ethiopia. It is also highlighted that study sites, provision of water supply, age, and grade level of the schoolchildren were identified as a risk factors for the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8820222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T05:05:06Z","timestamp":1605243906000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence, Intensity, and Associated Factors of Schistosoma mansoni among School Children in Northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9640-4784","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ayalew Jejaw","family":"Zeleke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9339-005X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ayenew","family":"Addisu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5306-6175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yalewayker","family":"Tegegne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000485"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001200"},{"key":"3","volume-title":"Association of schistosomiasis prevalence with socio-demographic status measures in Sub-Saharan Africa","author":"L. Sibomana","year":"2010"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/792536"},{"key":"5","volume-title":"Determining the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors in Yebu Elementary School Students, Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia","author":"S. Tsegaye","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"6","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of intestinal helminthiasis among school children in Jimma zone; a cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"A. Yami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"7","volume-title":"Schistosomiasis: progress report 2001-2011, strategic plan 2012-2020","author":"Organization WH","year":"2013"},{"key":"8","volume-title":"Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis","author":"Organization WH","year":"2002"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2008.09.010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections and Schistosomiasis mansoni in school children from Chilga District, northwest Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"L. Jemaneh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"11","first-page":"289","article-title":"Intestinal helminthic infection with special reference to S. mansoni in school children in Adarkay District, North West Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"J. Leykun","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Development"},{"key":"12","volume-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites Kito Elementary School children in Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia","author":"A. Mohammed","year":"2003"},{"key":"13","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Evaluation of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis and Schistosomiasis at Community Level: A Guide for Managers of Control Programmes","author":"A. Montresor","year":"1998"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-88"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojpm.2013.32027"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-304"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/636103"},{"issue":"329","key":"18","first-page":"2","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni infection prevalence and associated determinant factors among school children in Mana District, Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, South West Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"M. Bajiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology"},{"issue":"177","key":"19","first-page":"2","article-title":"Water contact activities and prevalence of schistosomiasis infection among school-age children in communities along an irrigation scheme in rural Northern Ghana","volume":"4","author":"F. Anto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002377"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3871-y"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2015.05.009"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1952-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4314\/mejs.v2i2.57669","article-title":"Efficacy of praziquantel in treating Schistosoma mansoni infected school children in Tumuga and Waja, North Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"T. Dejenie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"25","first-page":"25","article-title":"Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and effectiveness of Praziquantel in school children in Finchaa valley, Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"S. Haile","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology and Vector Biology"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1859737"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002991"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.03.005"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-108"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajhr.20140205.15"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2020\/8820222.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2020\/8820222.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2020\/8820222.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T05:05:19Z","timestamp":1605243919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpr\/2020\/8820222\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Gonz lez Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["8820222","8820222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8820222","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0031","2090-0023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-0031","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2090-0023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]}}}