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It is increasingly apparent that the immune system plays a significant role in the propagation and survival of malignant cells. Immune checkpoint blocking agents augment cytotoxic activity of the adaptive and innate immune systems and enhance tumor cell killing. Anti\u2010PD\u20101 and anti\u2010CTLA\u20104 antibodies have been tested as both single agents and combination therapy. Although success rates with anti\u2010PD\u20101 antibodies are high in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, the results are yet to be replicated in those with non\u2010Hodgkin lymphomas. Some lymphoma histologies, such as primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBL), central nervous system, and testicular lymphomas and gray zone lymphoma, respond favorably to PD\u20101 blockade, but the response rates in most lymphoma subtypes are low. Other agents including those targeting the adaptive immune system such as TIM\u20103, TIGIT, and BTLA and innate immune system such as CD47 and KIR are therefore in trials to test alternative ways to activate the immune system. Patient selection based on tumor biology is likely to be a determining factor in treatment response in patients, and further research exploring optimal patient populations, newer targets, and combination therapy as well as identifying biomarkers is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8820377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T18:08:35Z","timestamp":1605809315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Activating the Antitumor Immune Response in Non\u2010Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Maansi","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1244-6758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Ansell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3010274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"CTLA-4 blockade in tumor models : an overview of preclinical and translational research","volume":"13","author":"Grosso J. 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