{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:29:36Z","timestamp":1792175376687,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for the Support of Research and Scientific and Technological Development of the State of Maranh\u00e3o"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To verify the association between HPV infection and the presence of coinfections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in women in the state of Maranh\u00e3o. Methods. HPV-DNA detection was performed by the nested PCR, using the primers PGMY09\/11 and GP\u2009+\u20095\/GP\u2009+\u20096. For the identification of sexually transmitted agents, conventional PCR was performed using the following primers: KL1\/KL2 (Chlamydia trachomatis), TVA5\/TVA6 (Trichomonas vaginalis), and HO1\/HO3 (Neisseria gonorrhoeae). DNA-HPV positive samples were subjected to automated sequencing for genotyping. Results. Among the 353 women evaluated, 204 (57.8%) had HPV-DNA, of which 140 (68.6%) exhibited HPV\/STIs, while 64 (31.4%) had the only HPV. T. vaginalis infection showed a positive association with HPV (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.003<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Women without cervical lesions were predominant (327\/92.6%); however, the largest number of lesions was reported in women who had HPV\/coinfections (18\/8.8%). Multiple regression analysis showed that both HPV only and the concomitant presence of HPV\/STI were able to indicate the occurrence of epithelial lesions (R\u2009=\u20090.164; R2\u2009=\u20090.027). Conclusion. The findings suggest that the presence of T. vaginalis can contribute to HPV infection, and HPV\/IST association may influence the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions that are precursors of cervical cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8838317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T19:05:09Z","timestamp":1604084709000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Human papillomavirus and Its Association with Other Sexually Transmitted Coinfection among Sexually Active Women from the Northeast of Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2594-0296","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Paula Almeida Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0734-0353","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ilka","family":"Kassandra Pereira Belfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4969-2776","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisco","family":"Pedro Belfort Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1602-4563","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gerusinete","family":"Rodrigues Bastos dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0656-7265","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucas","family":"Henrique de Lima Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3879-5326","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pablo","family":"de Matos Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7215-2017","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renata","family":"Lemos Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8895-6335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mariele","family":"Borges Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5401-0843","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alice","family":"de S\u00e1 Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4425-1552","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sally","family":"Cristina Moutinho Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4721-6824","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fl\u00e1via","family":"Castello Branco Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716","article-title":"Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type: worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV","volume":"141","author":"C. 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