{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:40:01Z","timestamp":1747190401173,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606521600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Science and Technology Project","award":["2017SF-198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017SF-198"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. With the wide use of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance becomes a serious issue. Timely understanding of microbial pathogen profiles and the change of antimicrobial resistance provide an important guidance for effective and optimized use of antibiotics in local healthcare systems. The aim was to investigate the characteristics of microbial species and their antimicrobial resistances in a tertiary hospital with an Emergency Department and outpatient clinics for a period of six years. Methodology. A retrospective study was conducted using the HIS database of a tertiary hospital between 2013 and 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by automated systems and\/or the Kirby\u2013Bauer disc diffusion method. The data were analyzed using the WHONET 5.6 software. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to study the trends over the period of research. Results. In a total of 19,028 specimens submitted for microbial tests during the period from 49 units of the hospital, only the samples from the Emergency Department and Kidney Transplantation Clinic showed an annually significant increase (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.001<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). More than 200 species with 46.4% gram-positive cocci and 45.3% gram-negative bacilli were identified in the 3,849 nonrepetitive isolates. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis rates were 25.1% and 74.6%, respectively. 60.9% E. coli and 33.5% K. pneumonia samples carried extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase. All Staphylococci and Enterococci samples were not resistant to linezolid, vancomycin, and tigecycline. In addition, only 0.01% E. coli, 1.1% K. pneumonia, and 18.7% P. aeruginosa isolates showed resistance to carbapenems. Conclusions. Vancomycin, linezolid and tigecycline were the most effective antibiotics for outpatients with gram-positive infection. Carbapenems were the most effective antibiotics for gram-negative infection. There was no significant annual increase of common multidrug resistances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8838447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T19:35:10Z","timestamp":1606678510000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Microbial Predominance and Antimicrobial Resistance in a Tertiary Hospital in Northwest China: A Six-Year Retrospective Study of Outpatients and Patients Visiting the Emergency Department"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7737-4359","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Specimen Management, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dancheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7657-8808","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jine","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau4679"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr349"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy657"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03673-1"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.01.001"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02431-18"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2015.02.001"},{"volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance","year":"2014","author":"World Health Organization","key":"8"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000347"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01339-13"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082361"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.041"},{"key":"13"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53575-7"},{"key":"15","first-page":"30","article-title":"Urology and nephrology update: recurrent urinary tract infection","volume":"416","author":"D. 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