{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T20:18:50Z","timestamp":1793477930737,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009707","name":"Norwegian Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2015\/FO4722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/FO4722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009707","name":"Norwegian Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Dam Foundation","award":["2015\/FO4722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/FO4722"]}]},{"name":"Dam Foundation","award":["2017055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017055"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008564","name":"Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2015\/FO4722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/FO4722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008564","name":"Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2015\/FO4722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/FO4722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is increasingly used to supplement ophthalmoscopy in the diagnosis and follow-up of diabetic retinopathy. Our objective was to confirm if OCTA parameters can predict the development of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and to clarify if any single OCTA parameter is associated with NPDR independently of well-known risk factors in young type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. Methods. OCTA of both eyes was performed in a cross-sectional study of 14 to 30-year-old individuals with at least 10-year duration of T1D and controls recruited from the Norwegian Atherosclerosis and Childhood Diabetes (ACD) study. Vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in the superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP and DCP), total retinal volume (TRV), and central macular thickness (CMT) were calculated using automated software. Univariate and multivariate ordered logistic regression (OLR) models were used accordingly. Results. We included 168 control eyes and 315 T1D eyes. Lower VD in DCP (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51\u20130.83), longer diabetes duration (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.22\u20131.87), and higher waist circumference (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.14) were significantly associated with progression of NPDR. VD in SCP and DCP were significantly lower in T1D patients without diabetic retinopathy than in controls. Conclusions. Sparser VD in DCP is significantly associated with severity of NPDR, supporting that OCTA might detect the earliest signs of NPDR before it is visible by ophthalmoscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8849116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T22:05:06Z","timestamp":1606773906000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Associations between Macular OCT Angiography and Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6743-5282","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nina C. B. B.","family":"Veiby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Simeunovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1474 Lorenskog, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, 0284 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Heier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, 0284 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathrine","family":"Brunborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naila","family":"Saddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten C.","family":"Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"Dahl-J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, 0284 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna D.","family":"Margeirsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, 0284 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goran","family":"Petrovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2009.00576.x"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12742"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2198-1"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1538"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-018-1034-8"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)38011-7","article-title":"Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 9","volume":"98","author":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(78)35693-1"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4109-3"},{"issue":"9","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18901","article-title":"Linking retinal microvasculature features with severity of diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"57","author":"D. Bhanushali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21461"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000459688"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000485323"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002232"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20531"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.0080"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006427"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13859"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0401-7"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.2183"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13510"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-017-0996-8"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1319"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04842-1"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186479"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.04.011"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25499"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5410672"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0513-0"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0505"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-015-0292-2"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14462"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1033"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00475-5"},{"issue":"12","key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1985.01050120030015","article-title":"Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 1","volume":"103","author":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study research group","year":"1985","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9898309"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4894","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4894","article-title":"HbA(1c) level as a risk factor for retinopathy and nephropathy in children and adults with type 1 diabetes: Swedish population based cohort study","volume":"366","author":"M. Lind","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100050069033"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001774"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13404"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000862"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0788-1"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0789-0"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69469-4_1","article-title":"Anatomy of the ocular vasculatures","volume-title":"Ocular Blood Flow","author":"G. A. Lutty","year":"2012"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.05.002"},{"issue":"9","key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18782","article-title":"New insights into microaneurysms in the deep capillary plexus detected by optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic macular edema","volume":"57","author":"N. Hasegawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.1999.19410089.x"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.06.015"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.1999.770402.x"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169926"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151380"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.04.021"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13159"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-017-0062-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309424","article-title":"Comparison of diabetic retinopathy classification using fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"101","author":"M. Soares","year":"2016","journal-title":"The British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26653"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2020\/8849116.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2020\/8849116.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2020\/8849116.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T22:05:20Z","timestamp":1606773920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2020\/8849116\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mladen","family":"Krni\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["8849116","8849116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8849116","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6753","2314-6745"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6753","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2314-6745","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]}}}