{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:21:46Z","timestamp":1792027306671,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":279,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Curcumin exhibits antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti\u2010inflammatory effects and has been suggested as a treatment for inflammatory diseases. The study is aimed at evaluating the effect of curcumin gel on serum levels of micronutrients (zinc, copper, and magnesium) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) in chronic periodontitis patients. Ninety subjects with an age of 25\u201054 were included in this study. From the total number, 30 subjects with healthy periodontium (control group) (mean\u2009age = 37.30 \u00b1 7.08) were employed for the sole purpose of obtaining the normal mean values of clinical, chemical, and immunological parameters, and 60 with chronic periodontitis (mean\u2009age = 36.73 \u00b1 6.22) were divided randomly into 2 groups, of which each group included 30 subjects. Group A received scaling and root planing SRP and curcumin gel injection covered by Coe pack for 7 days, and group B received SRP alone covered by Coe pack. Clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss measurements) and blood samples were collected before and after 1 month of treatment to measure serum levels of zinc, copper, magnesium, IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, and TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>. The results showed significant micronutrient alteration and increase of proinflammatory cytokines in the chronic periodontitis group as compared to healthy control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.05), and curcumin gel had a significant effect on the reduction of IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, copper, and clinical parameters (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.05) and increase of zinc and magnesium levels after 1 month as compared to baseline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.05), nearly the same pattern for group B but with nonsignificant differences for Zn (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, curcumin gel resulted in a more significant reduction in clinical parameters, inflammatory mediators, and copper and increase of zinc and magnesium levels as compared to SRP alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8850926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T18:22:50Z","timestamp":1602008570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Efficacy of Curcumin Gel on Zinc, Magnesium, Copper, IL\u20101<i>\u03b2<\/i>, and TNF\u2010<i>\u03b1<\/i> in Chronic Periodontitis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1792-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenar Anwar","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2420-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2392-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2755-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12806"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-011-0852-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-016-0660-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2006.10719534"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005920200036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(96)00342-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.118400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/21.4.501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2154-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.19-0446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2684-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03045-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12543"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2014\/8231.5343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Turmeric and curcumin: biological actions and medicinal applications","volume":"87","author":"Chattopadhyay I.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03397-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17656\/sdj.10104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","volume-title":"Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry","author":"Lindhe J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356408993968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356309011240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque","volume":"25","author":"Ainamo J.","year":"1975","journal-title":"International Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","first-page":"3675","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits cell proliferation by interfering with the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells","volume":"9","author":"Chen H.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anticancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(98)00237-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2010.01342.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138945011794815356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.1998.60211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","first-page":"586","article-title":"Therapeutic applications of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in dentistry: a promising future","volume":"27","author":"Lawande S. 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