{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:38:47Z","timestamp":1747190327254,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604448000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is the immune-mediated sequelae of untreated group-A streptococcal infection. In this regard, rheumatic heart disease is the most prominent manifestation with devastating long-term complications. In the postantibiotic era, ARF is extremely rare in high-income countries; thus, its diagnosis might escape the clinicians\u2019 notice. However, its incidence remains high not only in certain low- and middle-income regions with poor public health systems but also in socioeconomically vulnerable populations residing in high-income countries. Herein, we report two cases of ARF in young immigrant adults in order to highlight the need for increased clinical suspicion to establish a prompt and timely diagnosis of ARF and describe in detail its differential diagnosis and approach to treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8854868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T03:20:09Z","timestamp":1604546409000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Severe Pharyngodynia Followed by Migratory Polyarthritis and High Fever in Young Immigrants: Remember That Rheumatic Fever Is Still Relevant in 2020!"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4218-9847","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Azariadis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Giannoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Gabeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Michail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Zachou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa 41447, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7075-8464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"George N.","family":"Dalekos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa 41447, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(05)66874-2"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.005"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(05)70267-x"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa065085"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio1185"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.84"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000205"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(96)11090-4"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.03.008"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqn020"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.08.011"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-209387"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.02.021"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2015-0002"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.44.2.669-672.2006"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4076\/1757-1626-2-8125"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1201\/b10848-79","article-title":"Cardiobacterium","volume-title":"Molecular Detection of Human Bacterial Pathogens","author":"E. Petinaki","year":"2011"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2018.12.001"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-001-0031-4"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/574230"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2152-z"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1665-2681(19)31398-5"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.10.012"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.gpp3-0045-2018"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.34"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020731420902604"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz425"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/criid\/2020\/8854868.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/criid\/2020\/8854868.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/criid\/2020\/8854868.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T03:20:11Z","timestamp":1604546411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/criid\/2020\/8854868\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Larry M.","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["8854868","8854868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8854868","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6633","2090-6625"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-6633"},{"type":"print","value":"2090-6625"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]}}}