{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:01:07Z","timestamp":1780056067673,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":250,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Levothyroxine (L\u2010T4) is among the most widely prescribed medications in the world, and it is considered by the World Health Organization an essential medicine for basic health care. Replacement therapy has always been considered straightforward although different factors may interfere with intestinal absorption of L\u2010T4, including food, dietary fibre, coffee, drugs, and gastrointestinal diseases. For these reasons, current guidelines recommend that L\u2010T4 should be taken in a fasting state because its absorption is maximised when it is taken on an empty stomach, reflecting the importance of gastric acidity in the absorption process. In addition to sodium L\u2010T4 in tablet form, various formulations (soft\u2010gel capsules and liquid solutions) have become available for clinical use in the last years promising improved absorption. We described a 31\u2010year\u2010old Italian man who took liquid levothyroxine formulation during lunch. He was under replacement therapy with liquid levothyroxine 75\u2009mcg daily for hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto thyroiditis for three years. During confirmation of the L\u2010T4 replacement therapy, the patient stated that he was going to continue to \u201ctake liquid levothyroxine during (his) lunch every day.\u201d We recommended taking the medication correctly in the morning at least thirty minutes before breakfast and repeating TSH, fT4, and fT3 after three months. The thyroid hormonal profiles taken after 3 and 6 months were comparable to those when the patient was taking the medication during lunch. In conclusion, liquid levothyroxine formulation should be preferred in case of malabsorption or potential malabsorption. Liquid formulation should be preferred due to the possibility of taking it during breakfast, which significantly improves the compliance of patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possibility of taking liquid L\u2010T4 during lunch.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8858887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T19:33:02Z","timestamp":1599507182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Liquid Levothyroxine Formulation Taken during Lunch in Italy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4317-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Cappelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilenia","family":"Pirola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Castellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-016-0462-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy6020043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization WHO model list of essential medicines 2019 http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/273826\/EML-20-eng.pdf?ua=1."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","volume-title":"Un Cas De Myxoede`me (Cachexie Pachydermique) Traite\u00b4 Par La Greffe Hypodermique Du Corps Thyo\u0131\u00a8de D\u2019un Mouton","author":"Bettencourt A.-M.","year":"1890"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/pj.2013.11123454"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4524759"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02185-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-018-0867-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0693"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/ep161308.or"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0860"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1686-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics5040621"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0836-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1244-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","article-title":"Reversible normalisation of serum TSH levels in patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis who received L-T4 in tablet form after switching to an oral liquid formulation: a case series","volume":"24","author":"Fallahi P.","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-016-2247-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-013-1015-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2017.1290604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/ep13378.or"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2014.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1242-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530318666180125155348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00699"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2008.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-016-1526-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0476-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/ep13316.cr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-01908-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9772-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1311-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9043450"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crie\/2020\/8858887.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crie\/2020\/8858887.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2020\/8858887","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T23:56:59Z","timestamp":1762473419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2020\/8858887"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Suat","family":"Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2020\/8858887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8858887","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6501","2090-651X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-6501","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-651X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8858887"}}